Exploring the Evolution of Niosomes: from Past Techniques to Future Advances in Preparation Methods—a Comprehensive Review

• Published in: BioNanoScience Vol. 14; no. 2; pp. 1854 - 1875
• Main Authors: Mawazi, Saeid Mezail, Ann, Tong Jo, Widodo, Riyanto Teguh
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01.06.2024; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Ball milling; Biological and Medical Physics; Biomaterials; Biophysics; Circuits and Systems; Control stability; Drug delivery; Efficiency; Encapsulation; Engineering; Entrapment; Nanotechnology; Particle size; Particle size distribution; Review; Size distribution; Solvents; Thin films; Nanoparticles; Preparation methods; Thin film hydration method; Nanotechnology; Niosomes; Ball milling method
• ISSN: 2191-1630; 2191-1649
• DOI: 10.1007/s12668-024-01395-z

This article reviews contemporary niosome preparation methods, specifically focusing on the widespread thin film hydration technique and the newly reported and novel ball milling approach. The study compares these methodologies regarding particle size, entrapment efficiency, and drug release characteristics exhibited by the resulting niosomes. In order to collect, evaluate, and summarize data, Google Scholar was the primary resource of choice. The selection criteria were based on the most relevant, highly cited, and up-to-date research available on the subject. Keywords associated with the methods of niosomes preparation formed the basis of the search criterion. Recently published and highly cited papers were considered for inclusion in the final list. The findings of this study indicate that the technique of manufacture of niosomes has a significant impact on niosome production, particularly when it comes to particle size, encapsulation efficiency, and drug release. This review summarized the new and novel niosome preparation methods such as solvent casting and ball milling. Solvent casting improved niosome synthesis encapsulation efficiency. The new and unique ball milling method has improved niosome size distribution and encapsulation efficiency while providing good control over particle size and shape. Our data imply that the technique utilized to make niosomes has a considerable influence on their stability and potential usefulness as vehicles for drug delivery.