Ultra-stable carbon-coated sodium vanadium phosphate as cathode material for sodium-ion battery

• Published in: Rare metals Vol. 41; no. 1; pp. 115 - 124
• Main Authors: Wang, Di, Cai, Peng, Zou, Guo-Qiang, Hou, Hong-Shuai, Ji, Xiao-Bo, Tian, Ye, Long, Zhen
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Beijing Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2022; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Ball milling; Biomaterials; Carbon; Cathodes; Chemistry and Materials Science; Citric acid; Coated electrodes; Conductors; Electrode materials; Electron transport; Energy; Ionic mobility; Materials Engineering; Materials Science; Metallic Materials; Nanoscale Science and Technology; Original Article; Physical Chemistry; Rechargeable batteries; Sodium; Sodium-ion batteries; Stability; Sodium superionic conductor structures; Na; Sodium-ion battery; Ball-milling; Cathode; V; ); PO
• ISSN: 1001-0521; 1867-7185
• DOI: 10.1007/s12598-021-01743-y

Based on the excellent sodium ion mobility of sodium superionic conductor structures, Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 materials have become promising cathode materials in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, inadequate electronic transport of Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 limits the cycling stability and rate performances in SIBs. In this work, high-performance conductive carbon-coated Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 materials are obtained via a simple and facile ball-milling assisted solid-state method by utilizing citric acid as carbon sources. The carbon-coated composite electrodes display a high initial specific capacity of 111.6 mAh·g −1 , and the specific capacity could retention reach 92.83% after 100 cycles at 1C with the high coulombic efficiency (99.95%). More importantly, the capacity of conductive carbon-coated nano-sized Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 can remain 48.5 mAh·g −1 at 10C after 3000 cycles (initial capacity of 101.2 mAh·g −1 ). At the same time, high coulombic efficiency (near 100%) has little decay even at a high rate of 20C during 1000 cycles, demonstrating the excellent cycling stability and remarkable rate performances, and showing potential in large-scale productions and applications. 摘要 基于钠超离子导体结构的优异钠离子迁移速率, Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 材料已成为钠离子电池 (SIBs) 中极有发展前景的正极材料。然而, Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 的导电性不佳会限制钠离子电池的循环稳定性和速率性能。在这项工作中, 利用柠檬酸作为碳源, 通过一种简单而又容易的球磨辅助固相法, 制备了高性能导电碳包覆的Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 材料。碳包覆复合电极的初始比容量高, 为111.6 mAh•g -1 。在1C的电流密度下, 循环100次后, 容量保持率达到92.83%, 库仑效率高达99.95%。更重要的是, 在10C下经过3000次循环后, 导电碳涂覆纳米级Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 的容量仍可保持48.5 mAh•g -1 (初始容量为101.2 mAh•g -1 )。同时, 即使在20C的高倍率下循环1000次, 高库仑效率 (接近100%) 也几乎没有衰减, 证明该材料具有优异的循环稳定性和出色的倍率性能, 并在大规模生产和应用中展现出潜力。 Graphic abstract