Valorised Calcium-Rich Biomass from Fish Waste and Eggshells in the Fabrication of Antibacterial Scaffold for Wound Healing Applications: A Review

• Published in: Waste and biomass valorization Vol. 15; no. 4; pp. 1917 - 1941
• Main Authors: Singh, S. Ankul, Vellapandian, Chitra, Shah, Disha D., Jayeoye, Titilope John, Chorawala, Mehul R., Singh, Sudarshan, Prajapati, Bhupendra G.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01.04.2024; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Antibiotics; Antiinfectives and antibacterials; Biocompatibility; Biodegradability; Biodegradable materials; Biodegradable substances; Biodegradation; Biomass; Biomaterials; Biomedical materials; Bones; Calcium; Cosmeceuticals; Drug delivery; Drugs; Egg shells; Engineering; Environment; Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology; Fabrication; Fish; Fish wastes; Food packaging; Industrial Pollution Prevention; Mechanical properties; Medical dressings; Microstructure; Nanoparticles; Needles; Packaging materials; Polymers; Proteinase; Renewable and Green Energy; Review Paper; Scaffolds; Scales; Tissue engineering; Ultrafines; Waste Management/Waste Technology; Wound healing; Eggshell; Wound healing; Scaffold; Marine waste; Polymers; Valorised biomass
• ISSN: 1877-2641; 1877-265X
• DOI: 10.1007/s12649-023-02302-5

Tissue engineering deploys cell-seeded scaffolds with good biocompatibility, robust microstructure, mechanical characteristics, and controlled biodegradability. Due to the potential hazard of various non-biodegradable substances, valorised calcium-rich polymers from marine waste and eggshells are gaining more research approaches in tissue engineering with wound healing scaffold applications. This study aims to assess the application of marine waste and eggshells in wound healing from calcium-rich polymers and its characterization with the available formulations. These materials offer diverse advantages in developing novel wound healing materials to improve patient outcomes. Recently, several dermal formulations including film and microneedle-based dressings with transdermal medication delivery capabilities have been reported, and novel microneedle wound dressings with superfine needle tips are developed utilizing these calcium-rich polymer for painless drug delivery. Gelatine obtained after processing fish scales and bones is often referred to as fish-scale gelatine, which have been utilized as a reliable component of packaging materials-deployed foods and cosmeceutical products. Owing to its high proteinase’s constituents, eggshell waste and fish scale gelatine investigated to reduce and stabilize metallic nanoparticles and explored for multifunctional applications especially as antimicrobial. Therefore, valorised calcium-rich biomass from marine and eggshell waste could serve as a potential source of biomaterial for fabricating drug delivery carriers. Graphical Abstract