Gender Differences in the Associations Between Mindfulness, Self-Compassion, and Perceived Stress Reactivity

• Published in: Mindfulness Vol. 12; no. 9; pp. 2173 - 2183
• Main Authors: Helminen, Emily C., Scheer, Jillian R., Felver, Joshua C.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01.09.2021; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Behavioral Science and Psychology; Cardiovascular disease; Child and School Psychology; Cognitive Psychology; Coping; Gender differences; Intervention; Mindfulness; Original Paper; Pediatrics; Psychology; Public Health; Self compassion; Self report; Social conflict; Social Sciences; Stress; Stress response; Womens health; Gender differences; Self-compassion; Mindfulness; Social-evaluative stress; Stress reactivity
• ISSN: 1868-8527; 1868-8535
• DOI: 10.1007/s12671-021-01672-y

Objectives Research has demonstrated that excessive stress reactivity responses are associated with the development of cardiovascular disease and psychopathology. Thus, it is important to identify potential protective factors, such as trait mindfulness or trait self-compassion, that may buffer against excessive stress reactivity. Methods Undergraduate college students ( n  = 137) completed online self-report measures related to trait mindfulness and trait self-compassion, overall stress reactivity, and several subtypes of stress reactivity (i.e., prolonged reactivity, reactivity to work overload, reactivity to social evaluation, reactivity to social conflict, and reactivity to failure). Multiple regressions were employed with overall stress reactivity and subtypes of stress reactivity as the outcome variables. Results After controlling for gender and state stress, self-compassion was significantly negatively associated with perceived stress reactivity (Δ R 2  = .12), as was mindfulness (Δ R 2  = .04). Post hoc analyses also demonstrated that self-compassion accounted for significant variance across all but one type of stress reactivity, and it accounted for more variance than mindfulness for most stress reactivity types. Gender emerged as a significant moderator of the association between self-compassion and reactivity to social evaluation, such that the negative association between self-compassion and reactivity to social evaluation was stronger for women than for men. Conclusions Results warrant future investigations into whether self-compassion interventions can reduce stress reactivity, particularly since existing research demonstrates that self-compassion can be cultivated and thus is modifiable.