Physicochemical investigations of clouding development and physicochemical properties of Triton X-100 and levofloxacin hemihydrate mixture: influence of sodium salts composition

• Published in: Colloid and polymer science Vol. 301; no. 9; pp. 1125 - 1136
• Main Authors: Alam, Md. Rehan, Islam, Md. Rafikul, Khan, Javed Masood, Rayhan, Ummey, Rana, Shahed, Kumar, Dileep, Ahmad, Anis, Hoque, Md. Anamul, Kabir, Shariff E.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.09.2023; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Antibiotics; Aqueous electrolytes; Aqueous solutions; Bacterial diseases; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Complex Fluids and Microfluidics; Electrolytes; Enthalpy; Entropy; Food Science; Gibbs free energy; Mixtures; Nanotechnology and Microengineering; Original Contribution; Phase separation; Physical Chemistry; Polymer Sciences; Salting; Sodium; Sodium acetate; Sodium carbonate; Sodium chloride; Sodium citrate; Sodium salts; Sodium sulfate; Soft and Granular Matter; CTA; Cloud point; Thermodynamics; Na; Entropy-enthalpy compensation; Electrolytes; TX-100; Levofloxacin hemihydrate
• ISSN: 0303-402X; 1435-1536
• DOI: 10.1007/s00396-023-05132-y

The study of phase separation of triton X-100 (TX-100) and levofloxacin hemihydrate (LFH) mixture in aqueous solutions of electrolytes has the keen interest due to the enormous applications in pharmaceutical sectors. Levofloxacin hemihydrate is a third-generation antibiotic drug utilized in the prevention of bacterial diseases. Herein, phase separation or cloud point (CP) temperature of TX-100 + LFH in aqueous solutions of simple sodium salts (sodium acetate (NaOAc), sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4 ), sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ), sodium chloride (NaCl), and sodium citrate (Na 3 CTA)) with varying concentration was explored at atmospheric pressure. Herein, CP temperature was recorded by visual assessment. The achieved cloud point (CP) values of TX-100 + LFH system in the attendance of electrolytes were observed to be decreased with the enhancement of electrolytes. Among employed electrolytes, SO 4 2− was the most effective depressor of CP values due to its salting-out effect. The reducing trend in the CP values of TX-100 + LFH with subsequent enhancement of concentration of electrolytes follows the order: CP Na 3 CTA > CP Na 2 SO 4 > CP Na 2 CO 3 > CP NaCl > CP NaOAc . The calculated Gibbs free energy ( Δ G c o ) values for the phase separation of TX-100 + LFH system were found to be positive which directed the phase separation process is nonspontaneous. The enthalpy changes ( Δ H c o ) and entropy changes ( Δ S c o ) of clouding were found to be negative at all concentrations of electrolytes and only positive value achieved at high concentration (900.1 mmol kg -1 ) of Na 3 CTA. The assessment of entropy-enthalpy compensation was performed and explained with proper clarification.