Synthesis, characterization and application of nano-silica@[DPSSP][Cl]2 as a novel organic–inorganic hybrid catalyst for the rapid condensation of aldehyde, ammonium acetate and thiobarbituric acid
At first, the preparation and identification of a novel heterogeneous organic–inorganic hybrid acidic nanocatalyst, namely 1,3-(4-pyridyl-1-ium sulfonic acid) (4′-pyridyl-1-ium silica -n -propyl)-propane-dichloride grafted on nano-silica (nano-silica@[DPSSP][Cl] 2 ), have been reported; the identifi...
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Published in | Research on chemical intermediates Vol. 50; no. 2; pp. 723 - 743 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Dordrecht
Springer Netherlands
01.02.2024
Springer Nature Springer Nature B.V |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | At first, the preparation and identification of a novel heterogeneous organic–inorganic hybrid acidic nanocatalyst, namely 1,3-(4-pyridyl-1-ium sulfonic acid) (4′-pyridyl-1-ium silica
-n
-propyl)-propane-dichloride grafted on nano-silica (nano-silica@[DPSSP][Cl]
2
), have been reported; the identification has been done through a broad range of physicochemical methods comprising FT-IR, SEM, HRTEM, BET, TGA, XRD and EDX techniques. Afterward, nano-silica@[DPSSP][Cl]
2
was successfully applied to facilitate the condensation of aryl aldehydes (1 mmol), 2-thiobarbituric acid (2 mmol) and NH
4
OAc (1.4 mmol) in water solvent (2 mL) at room temperature, such that it provided ten derivatives of pyrido[2,3-
d
:6,5-
d'
]dipyrimidines (
1a
–
10a
) in 5–10 min with yields of 93–99%. Our catalyst furnished the derivatives in very short reaction times and in excellent yields, high atom economy, easy workup and very favorable turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF) values. In addition, the heterogeneous nature of the catalyst was confirmed and measured using the hot filtration test and its excellent reusability in six runs.
Graphical abstract |
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ISSN: | 0922-6168 1568-5675 |
DOI: | 10.1007/s11164-023-05162-9 |