Vitamin E isomers in grain amaranths (Amaranthus spp.)

• Published in: Lipids Vol. 29; no. 3; pp. 177 - 181
• Main Authors: Lehmann, J.W, Putnam, D.H, Qureshi, A.A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer‐Verlag 01.03.1994; Springer
• Subjects: AMARANTHUS CRUENTUS; AMARANTHUS HYPOCHONDRIACUS; Biological and medical sciences; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; Chemical constitution; COMPOSICION QUIMICA; COMPOSITION CHIMIQUE; CULTIVARS; DISTRIBUCION NATURAL; DISTRIBUTION NATURELLE; FENOTIPOS; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; GENETIC VARIATION; GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION; GERMOPLASMA; GERMPLASM; GRAINE; MATERIEL GENETIQUE; NATURAL DISTRIBUTION; PHENOTYPE; PHENOTYPES; PHENOTYPIC CORRELATION; Plant physiology and development; SEEDS; SEMILLA; TOCOFEROLES; TOCOPHEROL; TOCOPHEROLS; TOCOTRIENOL; TOCOTRIENOLES; TOCOTRIENOLS; VARIACION GENETICA; VARIATION GENETIQUE; VARIEDADES; VARIETE; VARIETIES; Seeds; Vegetable crop; Amaranthus cruentus; Dicotyledones; Angiospermae; α-Tocopherol; Amaranthaceae; Spermatophyta; Chemical composition; Isomer
• ISSN: 0024-4201; 1558-9307
• DOI: 10.1007/BF02536726

Vitamin E isomers are important antioxidants, but their variation is poorly documented in pseduocereal grains such as amaranths. Using normal‐phase, high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection, seeds of thirteen amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.,A. hypochondriacus L.) accessions were surveyed for the composition of tocols. The most common tocols found were α‐tocopherol (2.97 to 15.65 mg/kg seed) and β‐tocotrienol (5.92 to 11.47 mg/kg seed) and γ‐tocotrienol (0.95 to 8.69 mg/kg seed), while someA. cruentus accessions contained δ‐tocotrienol (0.01 to 0.42 mg/kg seed). This is the first report of tocotrienols in amaranths.Amaranthus cruentus grain‐types of Mesoamerican origin had significantly (P≤0.01) greater levels of four tocols than didA. cruentus African vegetable‐types. Unlike many cereal grains, amaranths have significant amounts of both β‐ and γ‐tocotrienols; however, β‐tocopherol was not detected in any of the amaranths. Using multiple linear regressions, α‐tocopherol variation of both species and types was consistently explained by variation in tocols other than α‐tocopherol. On the whole, fresh amaranth samples of both species tended to have higher levels of tocotrienols than samples stored for two years. Storage effects on amaranth tocol composition are suspected.