Zoonotic Potential of Emerging Paramyxoviruses: Knowns and Unknowns

The risk of spillover of enzootic paramyxoviruses and the susceptibility of recipient human and domestic animal populations are defined by a broad collection of ecological and molecular factors that interact in ways that are not yet fully understood. Nipah and Hendra viruses were the first highly le...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inAdvances in virus research Vol. 98; pp. 1 - 55
Main Authors Thibault, Patricia A, Watkinson, Ruth E, Moreira-Soto, Andres, Drexler, Jan F, Lee, Benhur
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States 2017
Subjects
Animals
Cats
Chiroptera - virology
Disease Resistance - genetics
Disease Susceptibility - immunology
Disease Vectors
Dogs
Host-Pathogen Interactions
Humans
Paramyxoviridae Infections - epidemiology
Paramyxoviridae Infections - immunology
Paramyxoviridae Infections - transmission
Paramyxoviridae Infections - veterinary
Paramyxovirinae - classification
Paramyxovirinae - genetics
Paramyxovirinae - pathogenicity
Phylogeny
Rodentia - virology
Zoonoses - epidemiology
Zoonoses - immunology
Zoonoses - transmission
Zoonoses - virology
Tropism
Pathogenesis
Rubulavirus
Emerging viruses
Morbillivirus
Reservoir
Ecology
Zoonotic
Henipavirus
Paramyxovirus
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Summary:The risk of spillover of enzootic paramyxoviruses and the susceptibility of recipient human and domestic animal populations are defined by a broad collection of ecological and molecular factors that interact in ways that are not yet fully understood. Nipah and Hendra viruses were the first highly lethal zoonotic paramyxoviruses discovered in modern times, but other paramyxoviruses from multiple genera are present in bats and other reservoirs that have unknown potential to spillover into humans. We outline our current understanding of paramyxovirus reservoir hosts and the ecological factors that may drive spillover, and we explore the molecular barriers to spillover that emergent paramyxoviruses may encounter. By outlining what is known about enzootic paramyxovirus receptor usage, mechanisms of innate immune evasion, and other host-specific interactions, we highlight the breadth of unexplored avenues that may be important in understanding paramyxovirus emergence.
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Co-first authors; contributed equally
ISSN:0065-3527
1557-8399
DOI:10.1016/bs.aivir.2016.12.001