Exploring the evolution and epidemiology of European CC1-MRSA-IV: tracking a multidrug-resistant community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clone

• Published in: Microbial genomics Vol. 7; no. 7
• Main Authors: Earls, Megan R, Steinig, Eike J, Monecke, Stefan, Samaniego Castruita, José A, Simbeck, Alexandra, Schneider-Brachert, Wulf, Vremerǎ, Teodora, Dorneanu, Olivia S, Loncaric, Igor, Bes, Michèle, Lacoma, Alicia, Prat Aymerich, Cristina, Wernery, Ulrich, Armengol-Porta, Marc, Blomfeldt, Anita, Duchene, Sebastian, Bartels, Mette D, Ehricht, Ralf, Coleman, David C
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Microbiology Society 01.07.2021
• Subjects: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; Community-Acquired Infections - microbiology; Cross Infection - microbiology; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial - genetics; Europe - epidemiology; Evolution, Molecular; Genome, Bacterial - genetics; Humans; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus - classification; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus - drug effects; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus - genetics; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus - isolation & purification; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phylogeny; Staphylococcal Infections - epidemiology; Whole Genome Sequencing; Europe; CA-MRSA; epidemiology; transmission; evolution; phylogenomics; European CC1-MRSA-IV clone
• ISSN: 2057-5858; 2057-5858
• DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000601

This study investigated the evolution and epidemiology of the community-associated and multidrug-resistant clone European CC1-MRSA-IV. Whole-genome sequences were obtained for 194 European CC1-MRSA-IV isolates (189 of human and 5 of animal origin) from 12 countries, and 10 meticillin-susceptible precursors (from North-Eastern Romania; all of human origin) of the clone. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using a maximum-likelihood approach, a time-measured phylogeny was reconstructed using Bayesian analysis, and microarray genotyping was performed to identify resistance, virulence-associated and SCC (staphylococcal cassette chromosome ) genes. Isolates were typically sequence type 1 (190/204) and type t127 (183/204). Bayesian analysis indicated that European CC1-MRSA-IV emerged in approximately 1995 before undergoing rapid expansion in the late 1990s and 2000s, while spreading throughout Europe and into the Middle East. Phylogenetic analysis revealed an unstructured meticillin-resistant (MRSA) population, lacking significant geographical or temporal clusters. The MRSA were genotypically multidrug-resistant, consistently encoded , and intermittently (34/194) encoded an undisrupted gene with concomitant absence of the lysogenic phage-encoded genes and . All MRSA also harboured a characteristic ~5350 nt insertion in SCC adjacent to . Detailed demographic data from Denmark showed that there, the clone is typically (25/35) found in the community, and often (10/35) among individuals with links to South-Eastern Europe. This study elucidated the evolution and epidemiology of European CC1-MRSA-IV, which emerged from a meticillin-susceptible lineage prevalent in North-Eastern Romania before disseminating rapidly throughout Europe.