Applying new regional background concentration criteria to assess heavy metal contamination in deep-sea sediments at an ocean dumping site, Republic of Korea

• Published in: Marine pollution bulletin Vol. 200; p. 116065
• Main Authors: Jung, Jun-Mo, Kim, Chang-Joon, Chung, Chang-Soo, Kim, Taejin, Gu, Hae-San, Kim, Hye-Eun, Choi, Ki-Young
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.03.2024
• Subjects: East Sea; Environmental Monitoring - methods; Geologic Sediments; Heavy metals; Metals, Heavy - analysis; Ocean dumping site; Oceans and Seas; Regional background concentrations; Republic of Korea; Risk Assessment; Sediments; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis; Republic of Korea; East Sea; Regional background concentrations; Sediments; Ocean dumping site; Heavy metals
• ISSN: 0025-326X; 1879-3363
• DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116065

It is crucial to establish appropriate background concentrations to discern heavy metal pollution in the marine environment. In this study, we analyzed heavy metals in deep-sea sediment cores to determine regional background concentrations at the East-Sea Byeong Ocean dumping site. The vertical profiles of heavy metals were categorized into three groups based on their contamination characteristics, and regional background levels for 12 metals were determined using pre-1900 averages. The enrichment factor, contamination factor, and pollution load index, calculated using regional background concentrations, indicated significant contamination by Cr, Co, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, and Pb during the ocean dumping period. These results differ from those obtained using global average concentrations. This underscores the importance of considering regional characteristics to minimize the risk of misinterpreting anthropogenic impacts. The approach based on local information is considered useful when sediment quality guidelines are absent or inapplicable. •Pre-1900 metal concentrations were used as regional background values.•The vertical profiles of the heavy metals were categorized into three groups.•Significant contamination by heavy metals occurred during the ocean dumping period.•We compared regional background and global average concentrations of heavy metals.