Itraconazole encapsulated PLGA-nanoparticles covered with mannose as potential candidates against leishmaniasis

• Published in: Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials Vol. 107; no. 3; pp. 680 - 687
• Main Authors: Biswaro, Lubhandwa Sebastian, Garcia, Mônica Pereira, da Silva, Jaqueline Rodrigues, Neira Fuentes, Laura Fernanda, Vera, Angelica, Escobar, Patricia, Azevedo, Ricardo Bentes
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.04.2019
• Subjects: Amastigotes; Animal models; Antifungal agents; Biocompatibility; Biomedical materials; Chemotherapy; Drug resistance; Encapsulation; Glycolic acid; Itraconazole; Leishmaniasis; Mannose; Materials research; Materials science; Nanoparticles; Parasitic diseases; Polylactide-co-glycolide; Promastigotes; Reduction; Side effects; Toxicity; Vector-borne diseases; drug delivery system; leishmania; amastigote; active targeting; hydrophobic drugs
• ISSN: 1552-4973; 1552-4981
• DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34161

Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease threatening over 350 million people. Antimonials are first-line drugs due to resistance and side effects there is a demand for alternative chemotherapy. Itraconazole (ITZ) is an antimycotic. It was encapsulated into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) and covered with mannose. The NPs were 250 nm and -1.1 mV ± 0.7. PLGA-ITZ-mannose NPs presented a toxicity of 20.7% for J774 cells, and no toxicity for THP 1. The J774 cells were infected with three Leishmania promastigotes strains and treated with ITZ loaded PLGA NPs with/without mannose. The parasite percentage of L.(V.) panamensis intracellular amastigotes significantly (p < 0.01) decreased from 34.4% to 13.7% and 5.7% for PLGA-ITZ-mannose NPs and PLGA-ITZ NPs, respectively. For L.(L.) infantum there was a reduction (p < 0.001) from 18.1% to 4.8% and 8.3% for PLGA-ITZ-mannose NPs and PLGA-ITZ NPs, respectively. Further with L.(L.) braziliensis amastigotes there was a significant reduction (p < 0.001) from 54.9% to 28% and 21.1% for PLGA-ITZ-mannose NPs and PLGA-ITZ NPs, respectively. Adding mannose increased the efficacy PLGA-ITZ NPs against L.(L.) infantum, while it had no effect against L(V.) panamensis and L.(L.) braziliensis amastigotes. We recommend further investigation of PLGA-ITZ-mannose NPs in animal models to evaluate their potential. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 00B: 000-000, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 680-687, 2019.