Coupled phase field simulations of ferroelectric and ferromagnetic layers in multiferroic heterostructures

• Published in: Archive of applied mechanics (1991) Vol. 89; no. 6; pp. 1031 - 1056
• Main Authors: Dornisch, Wolfgang, Schrade, David, Xu, Bai-Xiang, Keip, Marc-André, Müller, Ralf
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 15.06.2019; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Classical Mechanics; Computer simulation; Continuum mechanics; Coupling; Differential equations; Discretization; Engineering; Ferroelectric materials; Ferroelectricity; Ferromagnetic materials; Finite element method; Formulations; Heterostructures; Inclusions; Interpolation; Magnetization; Mathematical analysis; Multiferroic materials; Nonlinear programming; Polarization; Special; Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; Finite element method; Rotation interpolation; Phase field method; Ferroelectric material; Ferromagnetic material; Multiferroic heterostructure
• ISSN: 0939-1533; 1432-0681
• DOI: 10.1007/s00419-018-1480-9

The combination of materials with either pronounced ferroelectric or ferromagnetic effect characterizes multiferroic heterostructures, whereby the different materials can be arranged in layers, columns or inclusions. The magnetization can be controlled by the application of electrical fields through a purely mechanical coupling at the interfaces between the different materials. Thus, a magneto-electric coupling effect is obtained. Within a continuum mechanics formulation, a phase field is used to describe the polarization and the magnetization in the ferroelectric and ferromagnetic layers, respectively. The coupling between polarization/magnetization and strains within the layers, in combination with the mechanical coupling at the sharp layer interfaces, yields the magneto-electric coupling within the heterostructure. The continuum formulations for both layers are discretized in order to make the differential equations amenable to a numerical solution with the finite element method. A state-of-the-art approach is used for the ferroelectric layer. The material behavior of the ferromagnetic layer is described by a continuum formulation from the literature, which is discretized using a newly proposed approach for the consistent interpolation of the magnetization vector. Four numerical examples are presented which show the applicability of the newly proposed approach for the ferromagnetic layer as well as the possibility to simulate magneto-electric coupling in multiferroic heterostructures.