Trichoderma down under: species diversity and occurrence of Trichoderma in New Zealand
This is the first comprehensive survey of the species diversity of Trichoderma for a region within the temperate Southern Hemisphere. New Zealand makes an ideal target for such a survey because of the extensive historical collections of this genus from both native and human-modified ecosystems. From...
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Published in | Australasian plant pathology Vol. 46; no. 1; pp. 11 - 30 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Dordrecht
Springer Netherlands
2017
Springer Nature B.V |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | This is the first comprehensive survey of the species diversity of
Trichoderma
for a region within the temperate Southern Hemisphere. New Zealand makes an ideal target for such a survey because of the extensive historical collections of this genus from both native and human-modified ecosystems. From the 320
Trichoderma
strains sequenced for the translation elongation factor-1α (
tef1α
) gene, in addition to the names associated with voucher specimens at the New Zealand Fungarium (PDD, Landcare Research), we recognise 71
Trichoderma
species as present in New Zealand. Thirty-two species are reported for the first time from New Zealand and 14 of these appear to represent undescribed taxa. The New Zealand species are positioned across most
Trichoderma
clades, with terminal lineages related to
T. viride
,
T. koningii
and
T. harzianum
well represented. Of the 14 undescribed species,
Trichoderma
sp
. “atroviride
B”, a sister species to
T. atroviride s.s.
, was the most commonly recovered species. Records of several species known only from fungarium specimens could not be confirmed by DNA analysis. Populations of
Trichoderma
in New Zealand are likely to represent a mixture of ancient indigenous lineages, more recent natural introductions, and species introduced as a result of human-mediated dispersal. Twenty-three
Trichoderma
species have been reported only from New Zealand or other Southern Hemisphere locations. The diversity of
Trichoderma
species in New Zealand, their phylogenetic relationships, distribution, ecology, and possible origins are discussed in this paper. |
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ISSN: | 0815-3191 1448-6032 |
DOI: | 10.1007/s13313-016-0457-9 |