An Operator theoretic approach to the convergence of rearranged Fourier series

• Published in: Journal d'analyse mathématique (Jerusalem) Vol. 143; no. 2; pp. 503 - 534
• Main Authors: Hamm, Keaton, Hayes, Ben, Petrosyan, Armenak
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Jerusalem The Hebrew University Magnes Press 01.06.2021; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Abstract Harmonic Analysis; Analysis; Continuity (mathematics); Convergence; Dynamical Systems and Ergodic Theory; Equivalence; Fourier series; Functional Analysis; Mathematics; Mathematics and Statistics; Operators (mathematics); Partial Differential Equations; Polynomials; Questions; Subspaces; Topology; Toruses
• ISSN: 0021-7670; 1565-8538
• DOI: 10.1007/s11854-021-0161-8

This article studies the rearrangement problem for Fourier series introduced by P. L. Ulyanov, who posed the question if every continuous function on the torus admits a rearrangement of its Fourier coefficients such that the rearranged partial sums of the Fourier series converge uniformly to the function. The main theorem here gives several new equivalences to this problem in terms of the convergence of the rearranged Fourier series in the strong (equivalently in this case, weak) operator topologies on ℬ ( L 2 ( T ) ) ). Additionally, a new framework for further investigation is introduced by considering convergence for subspaces of L 2 , which leads to many methods for attempting to prove or disprove Ulyanov’s problem. In this framework, we provide characterizations of unconditional convergence of the Fourier series in the SOT and WOT. These considerations also give rise to some interesting questions regarding weaker versions of the rearrangement problem Along the way, we consider some interesting questions related to the classical theory of trigonometric polynomials. All of the results here admit natural extensions to arbitrary dimensions.