Quantum Watermarking Scheme Based on INEQR

• Published in: International journal of theoretical physics Vol. 57; no. 4; pp. 1120 - 1131
• Main Authors: Zhou, Ri-Gui, Zhou, Yang, Zhu, Changming, Wei, Lai, Zhang, Xiafen, Ian, Hou
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01.04.2018; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Elementary Particles; Embedding; Encryption; Image detection; Mathematical and Computational Physics; Multimedia; Physics; Physics and Astronomy; Pixels; Quantum Field Theory; Quantum Physics; Theoretical; Watermarking; LSB algorithm; XOR operation; Swap operation; Quantum watermarking
• ISSN: 0020-7748; 1572-9575
• DOI: 10.1007/s10773-017-3642-x

Quantum watermarking technology protects copyright by embedding invisible quantum signal in quantum multimedia data. In this paper, a watermarking scheme based on INEQR was presented. Firstly, the watermark image is extended to achieve the requirement of embedding carrier image. Secondly, the swap and XOR operation is used on the processed pixels. Since there is only one bit per pixel, XOR operation can achieve the effect of simple encryption. Thirdly, both the watermark image extraction and embedding operations are described, where the key image, swap operation and LSB algorithm are used. When the embedding is made, the binary image key is changed. It means that the watermark has been embedded. Of course, if the watermark image is extracted, the key’s state need detected. When key’s state is |1〉, this extraction operation is carried out. Finally, for validation of the proposed scheme, both the Signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and the security of the scheme are analyzed.