Lysine-Specific Histone Demethylases Contribute to Cellular Differentiation and Carcinogenesis

Histone modifications regulate chromatin structure, gene transcription, and other nuclear processes. Among the histone modifications, methylation has been considered to be a stable, irreversible process due to the slow turnover of methyl groups in chromatin. However, the discovery of three different...

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Published inEpigenomes Vol. 1; no. 1; p. 4
Main Authors Verde, Gaetano, Querol-Paños, Jessica, Cebrià-Costa, Joan, Pascual-Reguant, Laura, Serra-Bardenys, Gemma, Iturbide, Ane, Peiró, Sandra
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.06.2017
Subjects
Cancer
Carcinogenesis
Cell cycle
Chromatin
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA methylation
Gene expression
Lysine
Lysyl oxidase
Peptides
Proteins
Stem cells
Transcription
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Summary:Histone modifications regulate chromatin structure, gene transcription, and other nuclear processes. Among the histone modifications, methylation has been considered to be a stable, irreversible process due to the slow turnover of methyl groups in chromatin. However, the discovery of three different classes of lysine-specific demethylases—KDM1, Jumonji domain-containing demethylases, and lysyl oxidase-like 2 protein—has drastically changed this view, suggesting a role for dynamic histone methylation in different biological process. In this review, we describe the different mechanisms that these enzymes use to remove lysine histone methylation and discuss their role during physiological (cell differentiation) and pathological (carcinogenesis) processes.
ISSN:2075-4655
2075-4655
DOI:10.3390/epigenomes1010004