Lactobacillus casei (IBRC-M 10,711) ameliorates the growth retardation, oxidative stress, and Immunosuppression induced by malathion toxicity in goldfish (Carassius auratus)

• Published in: Annals of animal science Vol. 22; no. 4; pp. 1311 - 1322
• Main Authors: Saleh, Marwan Mahmood, Hasan, Saif Y., Al-Shawi, Sarmad Ghazi, Ali, Muneam Hussein, Hamza, Thulfeqar Ahmed, Najm, Mazin A.A., Shichiyakh, Rustem Adamovich, Jalil, Abduladheem Turki, Narimanizad, Fariborz
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Kraków Sciendo 01.10.2022; De Gruyter Poland
• Subjects: Alanine; Alanine transaminase; Albumins; Alkaline phosphatase; antioxidative capacity; aquaculture; Aspartate aminotransferase; Blood; Body weight; Carassius auratus; Catalase; Cholesterol; Conversion ratio; Diet; Exposure; Feed conversion; Fish; Globulins; Glutathione; Glutathione peroxidase; goldfish; Growth rate; Immunoglobulins; Immunosuppression; L-Lactate dehydrogenase; Lactate dehydrogenase; Lactic acid; Lactobacilli; Lactobacillus casei; Lysozyme; Malathion; Mucus; mucus immunity; Oxidative stress; Peroxidase; pesticides; Probiotics; Superoxide dismutase; Toxicity; Transaminases; Triglycerides; Xenobiotics
• ISSN: 2300-8733; 1642-3402; 2300-8733
• DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0032

Probiotics can functionally improve fish wellbeing and are suggested as antioxidative agents to protect fish from xenobiotics toxicity. Herein, dietary (IBRC-M 10,711) was included in the diets of goldfish ( ) to protect against malathion toxicity. Fish (12.47 ± 0.06 g) were randomly allocated to six groups (triplicates), as follows: T1) control; T2) fish exposed to 50% of malathion 96 h LC ; T3) at 10 CFU/g diet; T4) at 10 CFU/g diet; T5) fish exposed to 50% of malathion 96 h LC + at 10 CFU/g diet; T6) fish exposed to 50% of malathion 96 h LC + at 10 CFU/g diet. After 60 days, goldfish fed T4 had the highest final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR), and the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) among the groups ( < 0.05). However, the T2 group showed lower FBW, WG, and SGR and higher FCR than fish in T1 ( < 0.05). Fish in the T4 group had the highest blood total proteins, albumin, and globulin, while fish in T2 had the lowest levels ( < 0.05). Fish in the group T2 had the highest triglycerides, cholesterol, cortisol, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in the blood, while fish fed T4 had the lowest values ( < 0.05). The superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) showed the highest activities in T3 and T4 groups, and the lowest SOD was seen in the T2 group, whereas the lowest CAT was seen in the T2, T5, and T6 groups ( < 0.05). Fish in the T5 and T6 groups had higher glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities than fish in T1 and T2 groups but T3 and T4 groups showed the highest values ( < 0.05). T2 group had the highest malondialdehyde (MDA) level, while T3 and T4 groups had the lowest MDA level ( < 0.05). Blood immunoglobulin (Ig) and lysozyme activity were significantly higher in T3 and T4 groups and lower in the T2 group than in the control ( < 0.05). The alternative complement pathway (ACH ) was significantly higher in T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6 groups than in the T1 group ( < 0.05). Skin mucus Ig was significantly higher in T3 and T4 groups and lower in the T2 group than in the control ( < 0.05). The highest lysozyme activity, protease, and ACH in the skin mucus samples were in the T4 group, while the lowest values were in the T2 group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary protects goldfish from malathion-induced growth retardation, oxidative stress, and immunosuppression.