Wafer-biscuits-like few-graphene-layers carbon with N, P, S triple-doping for efficient and stable sodium-ion storage

• Published in: Electrochimica acta Vol. 441; p. 141813
• Main Authors: Shi, Yongzheng, Li, Hong-Ji, Yuan, Xue, Bai, Wen-hui, Lyu, Xue-Feng, Zhu, Li-Jun, Jiang, Fei, Chen, Yi-Qian, Chen, Zhe
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 10.02.2023
• Subjects: Anti-agglomeration; Expanded interlayer spacing; Few-graphene-layers carbon; Sodium-ion batteries; Triple-heteroatom doping; Expanded interlayer spacing; Few-graphene-layers carbon; Anti-agglomeration; Sodium-ion batteries; Triple-heteroatom doping
• ISSN: 0013-4686; 1873-3859
• DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141813

•N, P, S doped few-graphene-layers carbon is fabricated via a template approach.•The triple-doped carbon has a wafer-biscuit-like structure to prevent agglomeration.•Wafer-biscuit-like carbon anode exhibits improved electrochemical performances.•Sodium storage mechanism of the wafer-biscuit-like carbon anode has been explored. Carbon-based materials are one of the most attractive anodes for sodium-ion batteries because of their wide availability, facile synthesis, and low cost. However, rational designing carbon-based architecture towards upgrading the electrochemical performance of anodes for sodium storage has been a great challenge. Herein, we prepared N, P, S triple-doped few-graphene-layers carbon with expanded interlayer spacing via a scalable template approach. The few-graphene-layers carbon negatively replicates the structure of the layered template to generate a wafer-biscuit-like architecture, which prevents the restack of carbon nanosheets. The interlayer spacing and heteroatom contents of wafer-biscuit-like carbon architecture can be modulated by varying carbonization temperatures. Consequently, the optimum carbon anode delivers a high reversible capacity of 329 mAh g−1, good rate capability, and long-term stability of 300 cycles at 1 A g−1. Furthermore, the sodium storage mechanism of wafer-biscuit-like carbon anodes has been systematically explored. Wafer-biscuits-like few-graphene-layers carbon with N, P, S triple-doping and expanded interlayer spacing has been fabricated via a hard template approach using a polymer as the precursor and a layered silicate as the hard template. The unique carbon anode exhibits upgraded electrochemical performances and fast kinetic processes of sodium storage compared to many non-templated carbon anodes. [Display omitted]