The concept of smartness in cyber–physical systems and connection to urban environment

• Published in: Annual reviews in control Vol. 51; pp. 1 - 22
• Main Authors: Kalluri, Balaji, Chronopoulos, Christos, Kozine, Igor
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 2021
• Subjects: AEC industry; Conceptual foundation; Conceptual framework; Cyber–physical system; Real case study; Smartness; Urban system; Conceptual foundation; Cyber–physical system; Real case study; AEC industry; Conceptual framework; Urban system; Smartness
• ISSN: 1367-5788
• DOI: 10.1016/j.arcontrol.2020.10.009

The next-generation systems are expected to be largely cyber–physical systems (CPSs) that autonomously control physical processes, through sensors and actuators typically in real-time feedback and cooperative control loops distributed among physical and cyber environments. The rapid technological advancements enhance the smartness of these CPSs, pushing their boundaries of performance and efficiency by embedding new information and communication technologies. However, to what extent CPSs should be smarter so that they do not compromise safety and security of safety critical systems? is an open research question. Towards this goal, the purpose of this study is to establish a grounded theory to analyse what makes these systems smart? and eventually, how to find a balance between smartness and safety risks? In this precinct, this article aims to develop a conceptual framework, define the dimensions and derive the characteristics that make CPSs smart. The proposed approach combines an automated informetric and systematic analysis of literature pertinent to the topic of smartness across anthropology, science, engineering and technology. The analysis of a case study building and the discussions presented herein support the connection between the existing understanding of CPSs and smartness offered by the building design approach in urban environment. •A generic framework to comprehend smartness of CPS is conceptualized.•Case study exemplifies practical understanding of smartness in an urban environment.•Analysis establishes a new conceptual foundation that contemporary buildings are CPSs.•Introduces the link between cyber-physical hazards and building designs in the AEC industry.