Triglyceride level as a potential marker of residual cardiovascular risk and its relation to HeartScore

• Published in: Technology and health care Vol. 31; no. 6; pp. 2145 - 2153
• Main Authors: Ademović, Enisa, Čakarić, Mirza, Durak-Nalbantić, Azra, Džubur, Alen, Hodzić, Enisa, Mahmutović, Sabina, Aganović, Izeta, Dilić, Mirza, Begić, Alden, Jahić, Elmedina, Begić, Edin, Hamzić-Mehmedbašić, Aida, Rebić, Damir, Gojak, Refet, Badnjevic, Almir, Čavaljuga, Semra
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands IOS Press BV 01.01.2023
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Arteriosclerosis; Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases - diagnosis; Cholesterol; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes mellitus; Evaluation; Female; Health risks; Heart Disease Risk Factors; High density lipoprotein; Humans; Hypertension; Lipids; Low density lipoprotein; Male; Mathematical analysis; Middle Aged; Morbidity; Risk Factors; Triglycerides; Triglycerides - blood; triglycerides; HeartScore; cardiology; Risk factor
• ISSN: 0928-7329; 1878-7401
• DOI: 10.3233/THC-220874

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) are still the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Elevated LDL-cholesterol is established as a strong marker of cardiovascular risk. Some researchers believe that measuring triglyceride levels gives a good assessment of the residual risk for ASCVD besides the measurement of LDL-cholesterol. The aim of this study was to evaluate the overall prevalence of major risk factors for ASCVD, lipid profile and 10-year fatal cardiovascular risk using the HeartSCORE scoring system. Further, we want to evaluate the prevalence and relationship between elevated triglyceride levels and high 10-year fatal cardiovascular risk calculated as a HeartSCORE. This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 832 volunteers aged between 40 and 65 years without a diagnosis of diabetes and without known preexisting cardiovascular disease, as a part of the preventive program conducted at the Family Medicine office. Data were collected for ASCVD risk factors and lipid panel (total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides). 10-year fatal cardiovascular risk was calculated using the HeartSCORE scoring system for countries with high CV risk. Among 832 participants included, 565 (67.9%) were female, and 267 (32.1%) were male. We found high prevalence of hypertension (27.7%), obesity (32.2%), and smoking (36.2%). All lipid parameters, except HDL-C, were not optimal. Only 17.4% of participants had normal estimated HeartSCORE risk, while more than one-third (33.9%) had high or very high estimated HeartSCORE risk. Although we found a higher percentage of participants with elevated triglycerides in groups with higher HeartSCORE, there was a very weak positive correlation between values of triglycerides and the 10-year risk of a fatal cardiovascular event (r= 0.249, p= 0.000). The high prevalence of major known risk factors and high estimated HeartSCORE risk indicate a high overall risk for ASCVD in the sample. The proportion of participants with elevated triglycerides was increased in patients with high HeartSCORE risk what implicates importance of triglyceride measurement.