Antimicrobial effect and the mechanical and surface properties of a self-disinfecting and a chlorhexidine-incorporated Type IV dental stone

• Published in: The Journal of prosthetic dentistry Vol. 129; no. 2; pp. 365.e1 - 365.e8
• Main Authors: Maciel, Panmella Pereira, de Lima Gouveia, Cíntia, Marques, Iasmin Lima, Maciel, Patrícia Pereira, Lima, Jeferson Muniz de, Castellano, Lúcio Roberto Cançado, Bonan, Roberta Ferreti, Bonan, Paulo Rogério Ferreti, Batista, André Ulisses Dantas
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.02.2023
• Subjects: Calcium Sulfate; Chlorhexidine - pharmacology; Chlorhexidine - therapeutic use; Disinfectants; Materials Testing; Surface Properties
• ISSN: 0022-3913; 1097-6841
• DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.10.014

Stone casts are subject to contamination, but whether disinfectants incorporated into the stone are effective is unclear. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and the mechanical and surface properties of self-disinfecting gypsum (SDG) and gypsum mixed with 2% chlorhexidine (GCHX). Antimicrobial action was evaluated using the diffusion-disk technique on Streptococcus aureus and Candida albicans 1 hour and 24 hours after pouring the gypsum. The groups were SDG, GCHX, a positive control (PC) of gypsum mixed with distilled water, and a negative control (NC) of filter paper disk soaked with 2% chlorhexidine; n=8. Inhibition halos were measured using the ImageJ software program and statistically analyzed using the repeated measures mixed ANOVA with time×group interaction. Compressive strength (CS) in MPa and surface roughness (SR) in μm (parameters: Ra - roughness average; and Sa - 3-dimensional (3D) arithmetic mean of the surface profile) tests were performed to characterize the specimens (evaluated groups: SDG, GCHX, and PC; n=10). CS data were analyzed by a 2-way ANOVA with time×group interaction, and SR data by a 1-way ANOVA (α=.05). For S aureus, there were differences between GCHX and SDG at 1 hour and 24 hours (P<.05), but no significant differences were found for C albicans (P>.05). GCHX was better than PC, except for C albicans, and showed a reduction in CS when compared with PC and SDG (P<.05) at all time intervals. The SR of GCHX increased (Ra:1.76, Sa:2.08) when compared with PC (Ra:0.89, Sa:1.12) and SDG (Ra:1.03, Sa:1.35) (Ra: P<.004 and Sa: P<.001). The antimicrobial activity of GCHX against S aureus was better than that of SDG, but neither had an effect against C albicans. As for CS and SR, GCHX presented a decrease in properties when compared with PC and SDG but was within the American Dental Association #25 specification values.