Outcomes in non-metastatic treatment naive extremity osteosarcoma patients treated with a novel non-high dosemethotrexate-based, dose-dense combination chemotherapy regimen ‘OGS-12’

• Published in: European journal of cancer (1990) Vol. 85; pp. 49 - 58
• Main Authors: Bajpai, Jyoti, Chandrasekharan, Arun, Talreja, Vikas, Simha, Vijai, Chandrakanth, M.V., Rekhi, Bharat, Khurana, Sachin, Khan, Arif, Vora, Tushar, Ghosh, Jaya, Banavali, Shripad D., Gupta, Sudeep
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.11.2017; Elsevier Science Ltd
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Alkaline phosphatase; Ambulatory Care; Anemia; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols - adverse effects; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols - therapeutic use; Biocompatibility; Biomedical materials; Bone cancer; Bone Neoplasms - drug therapy; Bone Neoplasms - mortality; Bone Neoplasms - pathology; Chemotherapy; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Child; Cisplatin; Cisplatin - administration & dosage; Data processing; Developing Countries; Dialysis; Diarrhea; Disease-Free Survival; Doxorubicin; Doxorubicin - administration & dosage; Female; Humans; Ifosfamide; Ifosfamide - administration & dosage; Independent variables; India; Intention to Treat Analysis; International standards; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; L-Lactate dehydrogenase; Lactate dehydrogenase; Lactic acid; Low and middle income countries (LMIC); Male; Metastases; Methotrexate; Methotrexate - administration & dosage; Methotrexate - adverse effects; Middle Aged; Motivation; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Neutropenia; Non-high dose methotrexate (Non-HDMTX); Novel ‘OGS-12’ protocol; Osteosarcoma; Osteosarcoma - drug therapy; Osteosarcoma - mortality; Osteosarcoma - pathology; Patients; Pharmacology; Proportional Hazards Models; Retrospective Studies; Sarcoma; Stomatitis; Survival; Thrombocytopenia; Time Factors; Toxicity; Treatment Outcome; Tumor Burden; Tumors; Young Adult; Non-high dose methotrexate (Non-HDMTX); Chemotherapy; Osteosarcoma; Novel ‘OGS-12’ protocol; Low and middle income countries (LMIC)
• ISSN: 0959-8049; 1879-0852
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.08.013

High-dose methotrexate (HDMTX)-based regimens are widely used in osteosarcoma. However, mandatory in-patient treatment with complex pharmacokinetic monitoring requirement precludes its use, especially in resource-constrained settings of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). All treatment naive consecutive patients of osteosarcoma were prospectively treated on a novel institutional regimen (named OGS-12) comprising of eight sequential doublets of the following drugs: doxorubicin, cisplatin and ifosfamide in four courses each, given in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings. Data were prospectively collected on baseline characteristics, histological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), toxicity, event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS). Between 2011 and 2014, 317 treatment naive patients with extremity osteosarcoma were seen, of whom 237 (75%) were non-metastatic. Majority had high tumour burden, with mean tumour size of 10.45 cm, high serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP) in 71% and 88% respectively. A significant number (34%) were nutritionally challenged. Two-hundred ten of 237 patients were analysable for histological response of which 58% had good response (viable cells ≤10%). At the median follow-up of 34.31 (2–60) months, in intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis, the 5-year EFS and OS were 56% and 75% respectively; the same were 60% and 80% in per-protocol analysis. There was febrile neutropenia (FN) in 56%, grade 3/4 thrombocytopaenia in 22% and anaemia in 47% with two chemotoxic deaths. Ten percent of the patients had grade 3/4 diarrhoea and stomatitis and one patient developed grade 4 acute kidney injury requiring dialysis. Baseline SAP (per-protocol) for EFS and performance status (ITT) for OS were found to be independent variables. Histological response was an independent predictor for EFS and OS in both the analyses. In treatment naive patients with non-metastatic osteosarcoma, OGS-12 protocol, a dose-dense, non-HDMTX-based, novel, economic and easy to administer regimen produces comparable outcomes to international standards, with acceptable toxicity and is worthy of wider clinical application. •Use of novel, dose dense, non-HDMTX-based, low cost, outpatient based, combination chemotherapy protocol “OGS-12”.•Prospective, single center study of 237 consecutive, treatment-naïve, non-metastatic patients in a rare disease osteosarcoma.•Comparable outcomes with international standards, without complex pharmacokinetic monitoring that HDMTX necessitates.•Wider clinical applications, especially in resource poor low and middle income countries.