A Multiscale Dual Attention Network for the Automatic Classification of Polar Sea Ice and Open Water Based on Sentinel-1 SAR Images

• Published in: IEEE journal of selected topics in applied earth observations and remote sensing Vol. 17; pp. 5500 - 5516
• Main Authors: Zhang, Zheng, Deng, Guangbo, Luo, Chuyao, Li, Xutao, Ye, Yunming, Xian, Di
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Piscataway IEEE 2024; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Automatic classification; Classification; Climate change; Climate change research; Deep learning; Feature extraction; Image classification; Learning systems; Microwave radiometry; Microwave theory and techniques; Noise measurement; Radar imaging; Radar polarimetry; SAR (radar); Sea ice; sea ice classification; Shipping; Spatial data; Synthetic aperture radar; synthetic aperture radar (SAR); Transformers
• ISSN: 1939-1404; 2151-1535
• DOI: 10.1109/JSTARS.2024.3354912

Automatic classification of sea ice and open water plays a vital role in climate change research, polar shipping, and other applications. Many deep-learning-based methods are proposed to automatically classify sea ice and open water to address this issue. Even though these methods have achieved remarkable success, the noise phenomenon in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images still causes considerable limitations in the model performance. Meanwhile, these existing methods ignore multiscale global information from large-scale SAR images, which tends to produce misclassification. In this article, we propose a novel multiscale dual attention network (MSDA-Net) for the task. To tackle the first drawback, we introduce the information of relative position and high-pass filtering as two extra channels to reduce the noisy effects. Moreover, we propose a patch dual attention mechanism and embed it into the ConvNeXt blocks to capture the multichannel and spatial features. To address the second problem, we propose a multiscale spatial attention module to capture multiscale global spatial information. The experiments show that the proposed method significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods. In addition, comprehensive case studies are conducted, which verify the effectiveness of MSDA-Net in different SAR scenes.