A voltammetric sensor based on a carbon black and chitosan-stabilized gold nanoparticle nanocomposite for ketoconazole determination

• Published in: Analytical methods Vol. 13; no. 38; pp. 4495 - 452
• Main Authors: Silva, Laís Pereira, Silva, Tiago Almeida, Moraes, Fernando Cruz, Fatibello-Filho, Orlando
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cambridge Royal Society of Chemistry 08.10.2021
• Subjects: Black carbon; Carbon; Carbon black; Chitosan; Electrochemical analysis; Electrochemistry; Electrodes; Fungicides; Glassy carbon; Gold; Ketoconazole; Nanocomposites; Nanoparticles; Oxidation; Oxidation process; Potassium chloride; Scanning electron microscopy; Silver chloride; Spectroscopy; Voltammetry; X-ray diffraction
• ISSN: 1759-9660; 1759-9679
• DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01321a

A modified glassy carbon electrode with carbon black (CB) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) within a crosslinked chitosan (CTS) film is proposed in this work. The electroanalytical performance of the modified CB-CTS-AuNPs/GCE has been evaluated towards the voltammetric sensing of ketoconazole (KTO), a widespread antifungal drug. The nanocomposite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, and electrochemistry experiments. The evaluation of the electrochemical behaviour of KTO on the proposed modified electrode shows an irreversible oxidation process at a potential of +0.65 V ( vs. Ag/AgCl (3.0 mol L −1 KCl)). This redox process was explored to carry out KTO sensing using square-wave voltammetry. The analytical curve was linear in the KTO concentration range from 0.10 to 2.9 μmol L −1 , with a limit of detection (LOD) of 4.4 nmol L −1 and a sensitivity of 3.6 μA L μmol −1 . This modified electrode was successfully applied to the determination of KTO in pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluid samples. Exploring chitosan-stabilized gold nanoparticles and carbon black nanoparticles for the sensitive voltammetric sensing of ketoconazole.