Exploring the Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Potential, Metabolite Composition and Inorganic Profile of Cistus monspeliensis L. Aerial Parts and Roots

• Published in: Antioxidants Vol. 13; no. 7; p. 753
• Main Authors: Mac Sweeney, Eileen, Chiocchio, Ilaria, Mandrone, Manuela, Sanna, Cinzia, Bilo, Fabjola, Maccarinelli, Giuseppina, Popescu, Vlad Sebastian, Pucci, Mariachiara, Morandini, Stefania, Memo, Maurizio, Uberti, Daniela Letizia, Borgese, Laura, Trincia, Simona, Poli, Ferruccio, Mastinu, Andrea, Abate, Giulia
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 21.06.2024
• Subjects: Acids; antioxidant defense; Antioxidants; Biological activity; Cell survival; Chromatography; Cistaceae; Cistus monspeliensis; cytokines; Enzymes; Ethnobotany; Flavonoids; Gallic acid; Gene expression; Hydrogen peroxide; Inflammation; Inositol; Lipopolysaccharides; Macrophages; Metabolites; mitochondria; Phytochemicals; Pyrogallol; RAW 264.7; TXRF; United States > US; Italy; Germany; mitochondria; 1H NMR profiling; Cistaceae; inorganic profile; RAW 264.7; cytokines; antioxidant defense; methoxy flavonols; TXRF
• ISSN: 2076-3921; 2076-3921
• DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070753

This work focuses on L. aerial parts (AP) and roots (R) extracts, investigating the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of the two organs in comparison. At dosages between 1.56 and 6.25 µg/mL, both extracts showed a protective effect against LPS inflammatory stimulus on a macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7). Interestingly, only R was able to significantly reduce both IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA gene expression in the presence of LPS. Moreover, the treatment of a neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) with AP and R at 6.25 µg/mL increased the cell survival rate by nearly 20% after H O insult. However, only R promoted mitochondria survival, exhibited a significantly higher production of ATP and a higher activity of the enzyme catalase than the control. Both AP and R had similar primary metabolites; in particular, they both contained 1- -methyl- -inositol. Labdane and methoxylated flavonoids were the most characteristic compounds of AP, while R contained mainly catechins, gallic acid, and pyrogallol derivatives. Considering the importance of elemental composition in plants, the inorganic profile of AP and R was also investigated and compared. No potentially toxic elements, such as Pb, were detected in any sample.