Biomass conversion to mixed alcohol fuels using the MixAlco process

• Published in: Applied biochemistry and biotechnology Vol. 77-79; no. 1-3; pp. 609 - 631
• Main Authors: HOLTZAPPLE, M. T, DAVISON, R. R, SHIRAGE, H, CHANG, N.-S, CHANG, V. S, LOESCHER, M. E, ROSS, M. K, ALDRETT-LEE, S, NAGWANI, M, LEE, C.-M, LEE, C, ADELSON, S, KAAR, W, GASKIN, D
• Format: Conference Proceeding Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Heidelberg Springer 1999; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Alcohol; Alcohols; Alternative energy sources; Bagasse; Biodegradable materials; Biodegradation; Biofuel production; Biological and medical sciences; Biomass; Biotechnology; Calcium carbonate; Carboxylic acids; Composting; Crop residues; Economic models; Energy; Energy crops; Evaporators; Fuels; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Industrial applications and implications. Economical aspects; Microorganisms; Municipal solid waste; Return on investment; Sewage sludge; Studies; Sugarcane; Economic analysis; Biotransformation; Mixed microorganism culture; Urban waste; Alcohol; Biofuel; Biomass; Fermentation; Sewage sludge
• ISSN: 0273-2289; 1559-0291; 0273-2289
• DOI: 10.1385/ABAB:79:1-3:609

The MixAlco process is a patented technology that converts any biodegradable material (e.g., sorted municipal solid waste, sewage sludge, industrial biosludge, manure, agricultural residues, energy crops) into mixed alcohol fuels containing predominantly 2-propanol, but also higher alcohols up to 7-tridecanol. The feedstock is treated with lime to increase its digestibility. Then, it is fed to a fermentor in which a mixed culture of acid-forming microorganisms produces carboxylic acids. Calcium carbonate is added to the fermentor to neutralize the acids to their corresponding carboxylate salt. The dilute (approximately 3%) carboxylate salts are concentrated to 19% using an amine solvent that selectively extracts water. Drying is completed using multi-effect evaporators. Finally, the dry salts are thermally converted to ketones which subsequently are hydrogenated to alcohols. All the steps in the MixAlco process have been proven at the laboratory scale. A techno-economic model of the process indicates that with the tipping fees available in New York (126 dollars/dry tonne), mixed alcohol fuels may be sold for 0.04 dollars/L (0.16 dollars/gal) with a 60% return on investment (ROI). With the average tipping fee in the United States rates (63 dollars/dry tonne), mixed alcohol fuels may be sold for 0.18 dollars/L (0.69 dollars/gal) with a 15% ROI. In the case of sugarcane bagasse, which may be obtained for about 26 dollars/dry ton, mixed alcohol fuels may be sold for 0.29 dollars/L (1.09 dollars/gal) with a 15% ROI.