Spatiotemporal characteristics and water budget of water cycle elements in different seasons in northeast China

• Published in: Chinese physics B Vol. 24; no. 4; pp. 563 - 570
• Main Author: 周杰 赵俊虎 何文平 龚志强
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: 01.04.2015
• Subjects: China; Convergence; ECMWF; Evaporation; Moisture; Northeast; Precipitation; Seasons; Summer; 中国东北地区; 夏季降水; 季节性; 总降水量; 时空特点; 水循环; 特征和
• ISSN: 1674-1056; 2058-3834; 1741-4199
• DOI: 10.1088/1674-1056/24/4/049203

In this paper, we study the spatiotemporal characteristics of precipitable water, precipitation, evaporation, and watervapor flux divergence in different seasons over northeast China and the water balance of that area. The data used in this paper is provided by the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts （ECMWF）. The results show that the spatial distributions of precipitable water, precipitation, and evaporation feature that the values of elements above in the southeastern area are larger than those in the northwestern area; in summer, much precipitation and evaporation occur in the Changbai Mountain region as a strong moisture convergence region; in spring and autumn, moisture divergence dominates the northeast of China; in winter, the moisture divergence and convergence are weak in this area. From 1979 to 2010, the total precipitation of summer and autumn in northeast China decreased significantly; especially from 1999 to 2010, the summer precipitation always demonstrated negative anomaly. Additionally, other elements in different seasons changed in a truly imperceptible way. In spring, the evaporation exceeded the precipitation in northeast China; in summer, the precipitation was more prominent; in autumn and winter, precipitation played a more dominating role than the evaporation in the northern part of northeast China, while the evaporation exceeded the precipitation in the southern part. The Interim ECMWF Re-Analysis （ERA-Interim） data have properly described the water balance of different seasons in northeast China. Based on ERA-Interim data, the moisture sinks computed through moisture convergence and moisture local variation are quite consistent with those computed through precipitation and evaporation, which proves that ERA- Interim data can be used in the research of water balance in northeast China. On a seasonal scale, the moisture convergence has a greater influence than the local moisture variation on a moisture sink, and the latter is variable slightly, generally as a constant. Likewise, in different seasons, the total precipitation has a much greater influence than the evaporation on the moisture sink.