Nanotechnologies in crop cultivation: Ecotoxicological aspects

• Published in: Biosystems diversity Vol. 27; no. 2; pp. 148 - 155
• Main Authors: Makarenko, N.A, Makarenko, V.V
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Дніпропетровський національний університет імені Олеся Гончара 01.01.2019; Oles Honchar Dnipropetrovsk National University; Oles Honchar Dnipro National University
• Subjects: Agriculture; Environmental interactions; Evaluation research; Human Ecology; nanotechnology; nanomaterials; nanoparticles; environmental; nanoecotoxicity; agriculture; agriculture; nanotechnology; nanomaterials; nanoparticles; environmental; nanoecotoxicity
• ISSN: 2519-8513; 2520-2529
• DOI: 10.15421/011920

The European Commission has recognized nanotechnologies as extremely promising for increasing competitiveness of different sectors of the economy. On account of climate changes and the quest for food security, they are an effective way of solving key problems in the agrarian sector. Nowadays nanotechnologies are widely used for creating nanofertilizers, nanoinsecticides, nanofungicides, nanoherbicides and other nanopreparations. Numerous researches affirm advantages of nanopreparations, which has helped them find a wide use in agricultural practice. At the same time, nanopreparations are the source of entry into the environment of nanoparticles (size less than 100 nm) which are characterized by large active surface and specific physical-chemical properties different from ordinary chemical substances. It is precisely this which determines their bioaccessibility, bioaccumulation and toxicity. Recently, data about toxicity of nanoparticles for human and natural ecosystems have been accumulated. The results of a great deal of research affirm that they break the processes of photosynthesis, transpiration, mitosis, miosis and have a negative influence on colouring agents, proteins and carbohydrates.