Modified gate activation functions of Bi-LSTM-based SC-FDMA channel equalization

• Published in: Journal of Electrical Engineering Vol. 74; no. 4; pp. 256 - 266
• Main Authors: Mohamed, Mohamed A., Hassan, Hassan A., Essai, Mohamed H., Esmaiel, Hamada, Mubarak, Ahmed S., Omer, Osama A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Bratislava Sciendo 01.08.2023; De Gruyter Poland
• Subjects: activation functions; Algorithms; Artificial neural networks; bidirectional long short-term memory; channel equalization; Equalization; Machine learning; Neural networks; Performance evaluation; Recurrent neural networks; symbol detection; Wireless communication systems
• ISSN: 1339-309X; 1335-3632; 1339-309X
• DOI: 10.2478/jee-2023-0032

In recent years, artificial neural networks (ANNs) have grown a lot and helped solve numerous problems in wireless communication systems. We have evaluated the performance of the Bidirectional-Long-Short-Term-Memory (Bi-LSTM) recurrent neural networks (RNNs) for joint blind channel equalization and symbol detection using a variety of activation functions (Afs) for the gate units (sigmoid) of Bi-LSTMs without requiring any prior knowledge of channel state information (CSI). The performance of Bi-LSTM networks with different AFs found in the literature is compared. This comparison was carried out with the assistance of three different learning algorithms, namely Adam, rmsprop, and SGdm. The research findings clearly show that performance, as measured by equalization accuracy, can be improved. Furthermore, demonstrate that the sigmoid gate activation function (GAF), which is commonly used in Bi-LSTMs, does not significantly contribute to optimal network behavior. In contrast, there are a great many less well-known AFs that are capable of outperforming the ones that are most frequently utilized.