Expecting “the Arab world”: imaginative geographies as dominant diversity frames

• Published in: Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal Vol. 36; no. 6; pp. 533 - 550
• Main Authors: Mahadevan, Jasmin, Kilian-Yasin, Katharina, Ilie, Iuliana Ancuţa, Müller, Franziska
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Birmingham Emerald Publishing Limited 21.08.2017; Emerald Group Publishing Limited
• Subjects: Arab people; Ascription; Discrimination; Ethnography; Frame analysis; Gender stereotypes; Human relations; Imperialism; Inclusion; Interviews; Minority & ethnic groups; Minority groups; Multiculturalism & pluralism; Muslims; Organization theory; Organizational research; Orientalism; Perceptions; Qualitative research; Religiosity; Researcher subject relations; Social construction; Social identity; Social interaction; Stereotypes; Teams; Theory; Workplace diversity; Germany; Religion; Orientalism; Imaginative geography; Arab; Tunisia; Muslim
• ISSN: 2040-7149; 2040-7157
• DOI: 10.1108/EDI-05-2017-0112

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to highlight the dangers of Orientalist framing. Orientalism (Said, 1979/2003) shows how “the West” actually creates “the Orient” as an inferior opposite to affirm itself, for instance by using imaginative geographical frames such as “East” and “West” (Said, 1993). Design/methodology/approach Qualitative interviews were conducted with the members of a German-Tunisian project team in research engineering. The interview purpose was to let individuals reflect upon their experiences of difference and to find out whether these experiences are preframed by imaginative geographical categories. Findings Tunisian researchers were subjected to the dominant imaginative geographical frame “the Arab world.” This frame involves ascribed religiousness, gender stereotyping and ascriptions of backwardness. Research limitations/implications Research needs to investigate Orientalist thought and imaginative geographies in specific organizational and interpersonal interactions lest they overshadow managerial theory and practice. Practical implications Practitioners need to challenge dominant frames and Orientalist thought in their own practice and organizational surroundings to devise a truly inclusive managerial practice, for instance, regarding Muslim minorities. Social implications In times of Islamophobia and anti-Muslim sentiment in “the West,” this paper highlights the frames from which such sentiments might originate, and the need to reflect upon them. Originality/value The theoretical value lies in introducing a critical framing approach and the concept of imaginative geographies to perceived differences at work. For practice, it highlights how certain individuals are constructed as “Muslim others” and subjected to ascriptions of negative difference. By this mechanism, their inclusion is obstructed.