Analyzing Zoombombing as a new communication tool of cyberhate in the COVID-19 era

• Published in: Online information review Vol. 46; no. 1; pp. 147 - 163
• Main Author: Lee, Claire Seungeun
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Bradford Emerald Publishing Limited 25.01.2022; Emerald Group Publishing Limited
• Subjects: Content analysis; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; Crime; Cybercrime; Disease control; Hate speech; Internet; News media; Racism; Research Methodology; Social Media; Social networks; Videoconferencing; Viral diseases; Young adults; United States > US; Digital racism; Zoombombing; Media; Online hate; Cyberhate; Cyberspace
• ISSN: 1468-4527; 1468-4535
• DOI: 10.1108/OIR-05-2020-0203

PurposeThe aims of this paper are to explore the rise of cyberhate on the Zoom video conferencing platform at the outset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to examine victimized cases of Zoombombing where it was used as a cyberhate tool. The COVID-19 pandemic has not only impacted our lives and modes of working and studying, but also created new environments for cybercriminals to engage in cybercrime, cyberhate and hacking by exploiting tools such as Zoom. This new phenomenon called “Zoombombing” was first reported in mid-March 2020, when the social distancing and stay-at-home policies in the United States were nationally introduced.Design/methodology/approachThis research conducted a news media content analysis on cases of Zoombombing. To conduct this analysis empirically, a dataset with all of the reported Zoombombing cases from March to April 2020 was created. Google Trends, news media and tweets were used to analyze Zoombombing as a form of cyberhate, particularly digital racism.FindingsThe results reveal prevalent Zoom-mediated racism toward Asian Americans, African Americans and Jewish Americans. This study understands Zoombombing from a sociopolitical/cultural perspective through news reporting of victimized cases and explores various ways that Zoombombing shapes, mediates, transforms and escalates racism.Originality/valueThis study is one of the very first studies to analyze Zoombombing in a way that builds upon an emerging body of literature on cyberhate. This paper considers Zoom as a space where curious young people, cybercriminals, extremists and hackers impose their ideologies and beliefs upon newly established online learning and working environments and engage in a struggle for identity recognition in the midst of increasingly accessible vulnerable software and cyberspace.