Membrane remodeling and trafficking piloted by SARS-CoV-2

• Published in: Trends in cell biology Vol. 34; no. 9; pp. 785 - 800
• Main Authors: Sergio, Maria Concetta, Ricciardi, Simona, Guarino, Andrea M., Giaquinto, Laura, De Matteis, Maria Antonietta
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.09.2024
• Subjects: Animals; Cell Membrane - metabolism; COVID-19 - metabolism; COVID-19 - pathology; COVID-19 - virology; CRISPR-Cas9 screening; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; membrane remodeling; membrane trafficking; Protein Transport; replication organelle; SARS-CoV-2; SARS-CoV-2 - metabolism; SARS-CoV-2 - physiology; viral egress; Viral Proteins - metabolism; Virus Internalization; Virus Replication; viral egress; SARS-CoV-2; CRISPR-Cas9 screening; membrane remodeling; membrane trafficking; replication organelle
• ISSN: 0962-8924; 1879-3088; 1879-3088
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.12.006

High-throughput clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) screens identified pro- and antiviral host factors.SARS-CoV-2 subverts the membrane trafficking system at multiple levels.The virus recruits host proteins to modulate membrane remodeling for replication, virus particle formation, and propagation.Different SARS-CoV-2 egress routes have been proposed. The molecular mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2 host cell invasion and life cycle have been studied extensively in recent years, with a primary focus on viral entry and internalization with the aim of identifying antiviral therapies. By contrast, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the later steps of the coronavirus life cycle is relatively limited. In this review, we describe what is known about the host factors and viral proteins involved in the replication, assembly, and egress phases of SARS-CoV-2, which induce significant host membrane rearrangements. We also discuss the limits of the current approaches and the knowledge gaps still to be addressed. The molecular mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2 host cell invasion and life cycle have been studied extensively in recent years, with a primary focus on viral entry and internalization with the aim of identifying antiviral therapies. By contrast, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the later steps of the coronavirus life cycle is relatively limited. In this review, we describe what is known about the host factors and viral proteins involved in the replication, assembly, and egress phases of SARS-CoV-2, which induce significant host membrane rearrangements. We also discuss the limits of the current approaches and the knowledge gaps still to be addressed.