Effectiveness of cognitive remediation in subjects with major depressive disorder: A multicenter randomized controlled study in a real-world setting

• Published in: European psychiatry Vol. 68; no. 1; p. e106
• Main Authors: Barlati, Stefano, Nibbio, Gabriele, Bellomo, Antonello, Carpiniello, Bernardo, Colombo, Cristina, De Giorgi, Serafino, Deste, Giacomo, Maina, Giuseppe, Martinotti, Giovanni, Tortorella, Alfonso, Di Salvo, Gabriele, Luciano, Mario, Pinna, Federica, Ventriglio, Antonio, Fiorillo, Andrea, Vita, Antonio
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Cambridge University Press 2025
• Subjects: Adult; Clinical outcomes; Clinical trials; cognition; Cognitive ability; Cognitive Dysfunction - etiology; Cognitive Dysfunction - rehabilitation; Cognitive Dysfunction - therapy; cognitive rehabilitation; cognitive remediation; Cognitive Remediation - methods; cognitive training; Consent; depression; Depressive Disorder, Major - complications; Depressive Disorder, Major - rehabilitation; Depressive Disorder, Major - therapy; Female; Humans; Intervention; Male; Medical research; Mental depression; Mental disorders; Mental health; Meta-analysis; Middle Aged; Neurosciences; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Psychiatry; Psychosis; Psychosocial Functioning; RCT; Schizophrenia; Single-Blind Method; Software; Therapists; Therapy, Computer-Assisted; RCT; depression; cognition; cognitive remediation; cognitive rehabilitation; cognitive training
• ISSN: 0924-9338; 1778-3585; 1778-3585
• DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2025.10073

Cognitive impairment represents a central component of major depressive disorder (MDD), affecting a large proportion of people living with MDD and showing a consistent negative impact on social, interpersonal, and occupational functioning and subjective quality of life. Cognitive remediation (CR) is a training-based psychosocial intervention targeting cognitive performance and psychosocial functioning that has shown consistent evidence of effectiveness in individuals with schizophrenia and that could provide significant benefits also in people with MDD: this study aimed to assess the effects of a computerized CR intervention in adults living with MDD. Participants recruited in this single blind multicentric randomized controlled trial were allocated to receive a computerized CR intervention delivered by an active and trained therapist or to an active control condition (computer games - CG). Outcomes were measured with validated instruments by blind assessors and included cognitive performance, depressive symptoms, and psychosocial functioning. Outcomes were assessed using mixed models for repeated measures, considering baseline and end-of-treatment scores. Hundred and one participants (CR=52 and CG=49) were included and 81 (CR=45 and CG=36) completed the study. CR produced superior results in clinician-rated depressive symptoms ( =0.023, =042), global clinical severity ( =0.025, =0.39), subjective depressive symptoms ( =0.005, =0.45), working memory performance ( =0.004, =0.34), executive functions/cognitive flexibility ( =0.020, =0.43), and subjective cognitive impairment ( =0.006, =0.48). CR represents an effective intervention in MDD, improving clinical outcomes and cognitive performance in a clinician-rated and in a subjective manner, which should be more consistently implemented in clinical practice and included in MDD treatment recommendations.