A population survey of the endangered White-headed Duck Oxyura leucocephala in Kazakhstan shows an apparently increasing Eastern population

• Published in: Bird study Vol. 66; no. 1; pp. 111 - 120
• Main Authors: Koshkina, Alyona I., Koshkin, Alexey V., Timoshenko, Alexey Y., Koshkin, Artyom A., Schielzeth, Holger
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Taylor & Francis 02.01.2019
• Subjects: Central Asia; population trends; waterbird migration; Wetland conservation; white-headed Duck
• ISSN: 0006-3657; 1944-6705
• DOI: 10.1080/00063657.2019.1618239

Surveys of the White-headed Duck Oxyura leucocephala at key breeding and staging sites in Kazakhstan suggest a positive trend for the migratory Eastern population and an underestimation of the global population. To review and update the population estimate and distribution status of the White-headed Duck in Kazakhstan using the most recent survey data. Distribution and population estimates were derived from a compilation of all published and unpublished data and a series of targeted surveys in 2013-17, covering breeding, post-breeding and migration periods at key sites in north-central Kazakhstan. Numbers of White-headed Ducks were particularly high in the post-breeding and autumn migration period. There was a positive population trend across the past two decades, including high counts in 2016 and 2017, with more than 20 000 and about 7500 individuals, respectively, suggesting a population increase. Breeding records were scattered and overall low in numbers, but likely partly overlooked. The global population size of the White-headed Duck is currently considerably underestimated. The positive trend reflects the overall improvement in the status of the Eastern population. However, aggregation at relatively few sites represent a potential conservation concern. The breeding sites that are a source for the migratory aggregations in north-central Kazakhstan are still to be discovered.