Viral Factors in Modulation of Host Immune Response: A Route to Novel Antiviral Agents and New Therapeutic Approaches

Viruses utilize host cells at all stages of their life cycle, from the transcription of genes and translation of viral proteins to the release of viral copies. The human immune system counteracts viruses through a variety of complex mechanisms, including both innate and adaptive components. Viruses...

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Published inInternational journal of molecular sciences Vol. 25; no. 17; p. 9408
Main Authors Tarasova, Olga, Petrou, Anthi, Ivanov, Sergey M, Geronikaki, Athina, Poroikov, Vladimir
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 29.08.2024
Subjects
Animals
Antibodies
Antigens
Antiviral Agents - pharmacology
Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use
Cytokines
Dendritic cells
Hepatitis B
Herpes viruses
herpesviruses
HIV
HIV Infections - drug therapy
HIV Infections - immunology
HIV Infections - virology
Host-Pathogen Interactions - drug effects
Host-Pathogen Interactions - immunology
Human immunodeficiency virus
Humans
Immune system
Immunity (Disease)
Immunity, Innate - drug effects
Infections
Interferon
Kinases
Lymphocytes
Medical research
Phosphorylation
Proteins
SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Signal transduction
T cell receptors
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
Viral infections
Virus Diseases - drug therapy
Virus Diseases - immunology
Virus Diseases - virology
Viruses - drug effects
Viruses - immunology
virus–host interactions
SARS-CoV-2
viral infections
HIV
antiviral agents
hepatitis B
herpesviruses
virus–host interactions
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Abstract Viruses utilize host cells at all stages of their life cycle, from the transcription of genes and translation of viral proteins to the release of viral copies. The human immune system counteracts viruses through a variety of complex mechanisms, including both innate and adaptive components. Viruses have an ability to evade different components of the immune system and affect them, leading to disruption. This review covers contemporary knowledge about the virus-induced complex interplay of molecular interactions, including regulation of transcription and translation in host cells resulting in the modulation of immune system functions. Thorough investigation of molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that are involved in modulating of host immune response to viral infections can help to develop novel approaches for antiviral therapy. In this review, we consider new therapeutic approaches for antiviral treatment. Modern therapeutic strategies for the treatment and cure of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are considered in detail because HIV is a unique example of a virus that leads to host T lymphocyte deregulation and significant modulation of the host immune response. Furthermore, peculiarities of some promising novel agents for the treatment of various viral infections are described.
AbstractList Viruses utilize host cells at all stages of their life cycle, from the transcription of genes and translation of viral proteins to the release of viral copies. The human immune system counteracts viruses through a variety of complex mechanisms, including both innate and adaptive components. Viruses have an ability to evade different components of the immune system and affect them, leading to disruption. This review covers contemporary knowledge about the virus-induced complex interplay of molecular interactions, including regulation of transcription and translation in host cells resulting in the modulation of immune system functions. Thorough investigation of molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that are involved in modulating of host immune response to viral infections can help to develop novel approaches for antiviral therapy. In this review, we consider new therapeutic approaches for antiviral treatment. Modern therapeutic strategies for the treatment and cure of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are considered in detail because HIV is a unique example of a virus that leads to host T lymphocyte deregulation and significant modulation of the host immune response. Furthermore, peculiarities of some promising novel agents for the treatment of various viral infections are described.
Viruses utilize host cells at all stages of their life cycle, from the transcription of genes and translation of viral proteins to the release of viral copies. The human immune system counteracts viruses through a variety of complex mechanisms, including both innate and adaptive components. Viruses have an ability to evade different components of the immune system and affect them, leading to disruption. This review covers contemporary knowledge about the virus-induced complex interplay of molecular interactions, including regulation of transcription and translation in host cells resulting in the modulation of immune system functions. Thorough investigation of molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that are involved in modulating of host immune response to viral infections can help to develop novel approaches for antiviral therapy. In this review, we consider new therapeutic approaches for antiviral treatment. Modern therapeutic strategies for the treatment and cure of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are considered in detail because HIV is a unique example of a virus that leads to host T lymphocyte deregulation and significant modulation of the host immune response. Furthermore, peculiarities of some promising novel agents for the treatment of various viral infections are described.Viruses utilize host cells at all stages of their life cycle, from the transcription of genes and translation of viral proteins to the release of viral copies. The human immune system counteracts viruses through a variety of complex mechanisms, including both innate and adaptive components. Viruses have an ability to evade different components of the immune system and affect them, leading to disruption. This review covers contemporary knowledge about the virus-induced complex interplay of molecular interactions, including regulation of transcription and translation in host cells resulting in the modulation of immune system functions. Thorough investigation of molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that are involved in modulating of host immune response to viral infections can help to develop novel approaches for antiviral therapy. In this review, we consider new therapeutic approaches for antiviral treatment. Modern therapeutic strategies for the treatment and cure of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are considered in detail because HIV is a unique example of a virus that leads to host T lymphocyte deregulation and significant modulation of the host immune response. Furthermore, peculiarities of some promising novel agents for the treatment of various viral infections are described.
Author Poroikov, Vladimir
Tarasova, Olga
Petrou, Anthi
Geronikaki, Athina
Ivanov, Sergey M
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  givenname: Sergey M
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  orcidid: 0000-0001-7937-2621
  surname: Poroikov
  fullname: Poroikov, Vladimir
  organization: Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow 119121, Russia
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39273355$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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SubjectTerms Animals
Antibodies
Antigens
Antiviral Agents - pharmacology
Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use
Cytokines
Dendritic cells
Hepatitis B
Herpes viruses
herpesviruses
HIV
HIV Infections - drug therapy
HIV Infections - immunology
HIV Infections - virology
Host-Pathogen Interactions - drug effects
Host-Pathogen Interactions - immunology
Human immunodeficiency virus
Humans
Immune system
Immunity (Disease)
Immunity, Innate - drug effects
Infections
Interferon
Kinases
Lymphocytes
Medical research
Phosphorylation
Proteins
SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Signal transduction
T cell receptors
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
Viral infections
Virus Diseases - drug therapy
Virus Diseases - immunology
Virus Diseases - virology
Viruses - drug effects
Viruses - immunology
virus–host interactions
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Title Viral Factors in Modulation of Host Immune Response: A Route to Novel Antiviral Agents and New Therapeutic Approaches
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Volume 25
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