Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis in Extremely Low-Birth-Weight Infants to Assess Nutritional Status: Breakthroughs and Insights

• Published in: Nutrients Vol. 16; no. 24; p. 4348
• Main Authors: Núñez-Ramos, Raquel, Escuder-Vieco, Diana, Rico Cruz, Carolina, Diego-Poncela, Cristina De, Vázquez-Román, Sara, Germán-Díaz, Marta, García-Lara, Nadia Raquel, Pallás-Alonso, Carmen
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 17.12.2024
• Subjects: Anthropometry; Anthropometry - methods; Birth weight; Body Composition; Clinical medicine; Electric Impedance; Female; Gestational Age; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hydration; Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight; Infant, Newborn; Male; Metabolism; Newborn babies; Normal distribution; Nutrition Assessment; Nutritional Status; Patients; Postpartum period; Premature babies; Premature birth; Prospective Studies; Ultrasonic imaging; Veins & arteries; morphofunctional assessment; preterm birth; body composition; phase angle; impedance analysis; term-corrected age
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu16244348

Background/Objectives: To obtain bioelectrical data to assess nutritional status for extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW) infants upon reaching term-corrected age. Methods: A descriptive, observational, prospective, and single-center study, which included ELBW preterm infants was performed. The study variables collected were gestational age, sex, and anthropometry at birth and at term-corrected age. Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) was performed by a phase-sensitive device (BIA 101 BIVA PRO AKERN srl, Pisa, Italy). The components of the impedance vector—resistance (R) and reactance (Xc)—were normalized for body height (H). For each subject, the measurement was taken between the 36th and 44th weeks of postmenstrual age (PMA). A semi-quantitative analysis of body composition was performed using the vector modality of the BIA. Using the RXc graph method, the bivariate 95% confidence intervals of the mean vectors were constructed. From the bivariate normal distribution of R/H and Xc/H, the bivariate 95%, 75%, and 50% tolerance intervals for this cohort were drawn. The individual impedance vectors were compared with the distribution of the vectors from other populations. Results: 85 ELBW infants (40 male, 45 female) were included, with a mean gestational age at birth of 26 + 6 weeks (±1.76). Mean R/H was 870.33 (±143.21) Ohm/m and Xc/H was 86.84 (±19.05) Ohm/m. We found differences in the bioelectrical data with regard to gender, with resistance values being significantly higher in females. Our ellipses align closely with those from other term neonatal cohorts. Conclusions: Bioelectrical data and the confidence and tolerance ellipses of an ELBW infant cohort are presented and can be used as a reference standard for nutritional assessment at discharge.