Appraisal of Cinnamaldehyde Analogs as Dual-Acting Antibiofilm and Anthelmintic Agents
Cinnamaldehyde has a broad range of biological activities, which include antibiofilm and anthelmintic activities. The ever-growing problem of drug resistance and limited treatment options have created an urgent demand for natural molecules with antibiofilm and anthelmintic properties. Hence, we hypo...
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Published in | Frontiers in microbiology Vol. 13; p. 818165 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Switzerland
Frontiers Media S.A
16.03.2022
|
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Cinnamaldehyde has a broad range of biological activities, which include antibiofilm and anthelmintic activities. The ever-growing problem of drug resistance and limited treatment options have created an urgent demand for natural molecules with antibiofilm and anthelmintic properties. Hence, we hypothesized that molecules with a scaffold structurally similar to that of cinnamaldehyde might act as dual inhibitors against fungal biofilms and helminths. In this regard, eleven cinnamaldehyde analogs were tested to determine their effects on fungal
biofilm and nematode
. α-Methyl and
-4-methyl cinnamaldehydes efficiently inhibited
biofilm formation (>90% inhibition at 50 μg/mL) with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ≥ 200 μg/mL and 4-bromo and 4-chloro cinnamaldehydes exhibited anthelmintic property at 20 μg/mL against
. α-Methyl and
-4-methyl cinnamaldehydes inhibited hyphal growth and cell aggregation. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to determine the surface architecture of
biofilm and cuticle of
, and confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to determine biofilm characteristics. The perturbation in gene expression of
was investigated using qRT-PCR analysis and α-methyl and
-4-methyl cinnamaldehydes exhibited down-regulation of
,
,
,
, and
and up-regulation of
and
. Additionally, molecular interaction of these two molecules with UCF1 and YWP1 were revealed by molecular docking simulation. Our observations collectively suggest α-methyl and
-4-methyl cinnamaldehydes are potent biofilm inhibitors and that 4-bromo and 4-chloro cinnamaldehydes are anthelmintic agents. Efforts are required to determine the range of potential therapeutic applications of cinnamaldehyde analogs. |
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Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Reviewed by: Kunal Singh, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR), India; Sueli Fumie Yamada-Ogatta, State University of Londrina, Brazil These authors have contributed equally to this work Edited by: Laura Quintieri, Italian National Research Council, Italy This article was submitted to Antimicrobials, Resistance and Chemotherapy, a section of the journal Frontiers in Microbiology |
ISSN: | 1664-302X 1664-302X |
DOI: | 10.3389/fmicb.2022.818165 |