Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose and the use of TiO₂ nanoparticles to open up the cellulose structure

• Published in: Biomass & bioenergy Vol. 35; no. 9; pp. 3970 - 3975
• Main Authors: Abushammala, H, Hashaikeh, R
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 01.10.2011; Elsevier
• Subjects: Alcohols: methanol, ethanol, etc; Alternative fuels. Production and utilization; Applied sciences; Biofuel production; Biological and medical sciences; Biotechnology; cellulose; Energy; enzymatic hydrolysis; ethanol; Exact sciences and technology; Fuels; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; glucose; hydrolysis; Industrial applications and implications. Economical aspects; nanoparticles; sulfuric acid; titanium dioxide; Hydrolysis; Biofuel; Networked cellulose; Cellulase; Titanium dioxide
• ISSN: 0961-9534; 1873-2909
• DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.06.004

A major barrier in the process of cellulose enzymatic hydrolysis into glucose for biofuel production is the enzyme accessibility to cellulose. In this study, a new cellulose regeneration strategy is developed to address this problem. In this strategy, cellulose is dissolved and then regenerated in a networked form. The networked cellulose (NC) was prepared with a high yield via 70% sulfuric acid dissolution of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) followed by regeneration with ethanol. The material was studied as a possible and easily accessible source of glucose. Washed, dialyzed and freeze-dried NC samples were enzymatically hydrolyzed to glucose. The networked cellulose showed improved enzymatic hydrolysis rate compared to microcrystalline cellulose. With enzyme concentration of 2mg/mL, the networked cellulose had conversion of 72.8% (wt%) into glucose compared to 33.7% for untreated microcrystalline cellulose. To further increase the enzymatic accessibility, NC was co-regenerated in the presence of TiO₂ nanoparticles. SEM images revealed that TiO₂ particles helped in opening up cellulose structure through the co-regeneration process. Different NC-TiO₂ materials were prepared with different TiO₂ percentages. The measured rates of hydrolysis showed that TiO₂ inclusion significantly improved the enzymatic hydrolysis, especially at a 50mg/mL TiO₂ concentration. 92.3% conversion of cellulose to glucose was achieved.