Efficient numerical implementation for nonlinear analysis of pile-supported structures during soil liquefaction through adaptive pile element formulations

• Published in: Soil dynamics and earthquake engineering (1984) Vol. 174; p. 108207
• Main Authors: Ouyang, Weihang, Liang, An-Rui, Liu, Si-Wei
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01.11.2023
• Subjects: Line finite element method; p-y curve; Pile-supported structures; Soil liquefaction; Pile-supported structures; Soil liquefaction; p-y curve; Line finite element method
• ISSN: 0267-7261; 1879-341X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2023.108207

The structural behavior of pile-supported structures during soil liquefaction is sometimes insufficiently investigated properly due to the inefficiency in the existing line finite element method (LFEM), which is widely used in practice. The traditional LFEM to simulate pile response requires dense element mesh for accurate results, as it simplifies the continuous surrounding soil as discrete spring elements, resulting in high computational costs, especially for pile-supported structures with a significant number of piles. Additionally, analyzing pile-supported structures in different stages of soil liquefaction requires repetitive updating of p-y curves and tedious starting-over iteration processes. To address these issues, an innovative line element formulation named the pile element formulation is employed and improved to adaptively simulate the surrounding soil conditions at different stages during liquefaction within the element formulation, eliminating the need to model discrete soil springs and significantly improving computational efficiency. The adaptive pile element formulation is then implemented within a refined Newton-Raphson iteration procedure that is proposed for a more effective nonlinear analysis process to consider soil liquefaction without repetitive iteration processes from starting over. Through several examples, the computational efficiency of the proposed method is validated, which requires only 20% of the computational cost compared to traditional LFEM while still providing accurate results, highlighting the application potential of the present study. •Proposed an efficient numerical implementation for pile-supported structures during soil liquefaction.•Derived an adaptive pile element formulation to incorporate the surrounding liquefied soil within the element.•Developed a refined Newton-Raphson iteration procedure to effectively model different stages of liquefaction.•Reduced around 80% of the computational cost compared to the traditional analysis method.