Seismic fragility analysis of shield tunnels in liquefiable layered deposits
Ensuring the structural resilience of shield tunnels is critical in seismically active regions. Liquefaction induced by seismic activity poses an additional hazard to tunnel safety. The study performed seismic fragility analysis using the incremental dynamic analysis method which utilized a finite e...
Saved in:
| Published in | Soil dynamics and earthquake engineering (1984) Vol. 191; p. 109246 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Elsevier Ltd
01.04.2025
|
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0267-7261 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246 |
Cover
| Abstract | Ensuring the structural resilience of shield tunnels is critical in seismically active regions. Liquefaction induced by seismic activity poses an additional hazard to tunnel safety. The study performed seismic fragility analysis using the incremental dynamic analysis method which utilized a finite element model of a saturated porous seabed shield tunnel. The findings highlighted that different liquefaction mechanisms are observed in different types of the soil surrounding the tunnel. The thickness of the fine sand layer (FSL) surrounding the tunnel significantly affects seabed liquefaction depth and the tunnel's maximum bending moment (Mmax). The highest Mmax and damage probabilities were observed when the tunnel was entirely embedded in the FSL, whereas the smallest Mmax and lowest damage probabilities occurred when the tunnel was partially within the sand and clay. This study could also provide some insights on seismic mitigation strategies in subsea shield tunnels and the soil type influences the timing of Mmax occurrence and emphasized the critical role of seismic frequency in determining the tunnel's response.
•The failure probability was evaluated for subsea tunnels in liquefiable layered seabed.•The influence of soil properties around the tunnel on seismic vulnerability is analyzed.•The fine sand thickness significantly affects the location, timing of Mmax, and tunnel fragility.•Low-frequency earthquakes cause larger Mmax in tunnel, leading to greater damage. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Ensuring the structural resilience of shield tunnels is critical in seismically active regions. Liquefaction induced by seismic activity poses an additional hazard to tunnel safety. The study performed seismic fragility analysis using the incremental dynamic analysis method which utilized a finite element model of a saturated porous seabed shield tunnel. The findings highlighted that different liquefaction mechanisms are observed in different types of the soil surrounding the tunnel. The thickness of the fine sand layer (FSL) surrounding the tunnel significantly affects seabed liquefaction depth and the tunnel's maximum bending moment (Mmax). The highest Mmax and damage probabilities were observed when the tunnel was entirely embedded in the FSL, whereas the smallest Mmax and lowest damage probabilities occurred when the tunnel was partially within the sand and clay. This study could also provide some insights on seismic mitigation strategies in subsea shield tunnels and the soil type influences the timing of Mmax occurrence and emphasized the critical role of seismic frequency in determining the tunnel's response.
•The failure probability was evaluated for subsea tunnels in liquefiable layered seabed.•The influence of soil properties around the tunnel on seismic vulnerability is analyzed.•The fine sand thickness significantly affects the location, timing of Mmax, and tunnel fragility.•Low-frequency earthquakes cause larger Mmax in tunnel, leading to greater damage. |
| ArticleNumber | 109246 |
| Author | Chen, Guo-Xing Xu, Ling-Yu Cai, Fei Jiang, Jia-Wei Xi, Ju-Ping Sun, Ye-Jun |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Ling-Yu surname: Xu fullname: Xu, Ling-Yu organization: Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Ju-Ping surname: Xi fullname: Xi, Ju-Ping organization: Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Jia-Wei orcidid: 0000-0002-3732-0724 surname: Jiang fullname: Jiang, Jia-Wei email: jjian224@uwo.ca organization: Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Fei surname: Cai fullname: Cai, Fei organization: Department of Environmental Engineering Science, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan – sequence: 5 givenname: Ye-Jun surname: Sun fullname: Sun, Ye-Jun organization: Earthquake Administration of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210014, China – sequence: 6 givenname: Guo-Xing surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Guo-Xing organization: Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China |
| BookMark | eNqFkMtKAzEYhbOoYFt9BCEv0JrMJZnBhUjxBgUX6jpkkj_6lzRTk1SYt3dKu3LTzTlw4DuLb0YmoQ9AyA1nS864uN0sU4_eDmFZsKIet7aoxIRMWSHkQhaCX5JZShvGuOSNmJL1O2DaoqEu6i_0mAeqg_ZDwkR7R9M3grc070MAnygG6vFnDw5154F6PUAESy3s-oQ5XZELp32C61PPyefT48fqZbF-e35dPawXpmRtHtMIw0VhRcPbqnS8qjvTMNcwKyvNpNaN0aIzZWmt5FpLx6UoO2tLycGItpyTu-OviX1KEZwymHXGPuSo0SvO1EGG2qiTDHWQoY4yRrr-R-8ibnUcznL3R240Ab8IUSWDEAxYjGCysj2eefgDvo6Cvw |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_oceaneng_2025_120599 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_oceaneng_2025_120717 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.115500 10.1016/j.soildyn.2015.10.002 10.1007/s12572-017-0200-y 10.1016/j.ress.2019.106567 10.1061/JSFEAQ.0001760 10.1002/eqe.141 10.3389/feart.2021.779879 10.1016/j.istruc.2022.07.045 10.1016/j.compgeo.2024.106065 10.1080/13632469.2018.1453416 10.1002/nag.1610150102 10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107833 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.117595 10.1007/s11771-024-5592-9 10.1016/j.tust.2023.105059 10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.108701 10.1080/1064119X.2019.1630871 10.1016/j.aei.2024.103031 10.1002/nag.327 10.1016/j.tust.2019.103145 10.1002/eqe.935 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2024.11.005 10.1061/(ASCE)PS.1949-1204.0000349 10.1016/j.tust.2020.103341 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2003)129:12(1092) 10.1016/j.soildyn.2008.12.004 10.1016/j.soildyn.2021.106618 10.1016/j.tust.2023.105057 10.1016/j.soildyn.2023.107790 10.1016/j.compgeo.2005.02.002 10.3390/su12030892 10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.04.016 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.120025 10.1002/nag.1610140302 10.1016/j.sandf.2016.04.016 10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.108567 10.1016/j.soildyn.2011.11.004 10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.05.021 10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001080 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2025 Elsevier Ltd |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2025 Elsevier Ltd |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef |
| DatabaseTitleList | |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Engineering |
| ExternalDocumentID | 10_1016_j_soildyn_2025_109246 S0267726125000399 |
| GroupedDBID | --K --M -~X .~1 0R~ 123 1B1 1~. 1~5 4.4 457 4G. 5VS 7-5 71M 8P~ 9JN AACTN AAEDT AAEDW AAIKJ AAKOC AALRI AAOAW AAQFI AAQXK AAXKI AAXUO ABEFU ABJNI ABMAC ABQEM ABQYD ABWVN ABXDB ACDAQ ACGFS ACIWK ACLVX ACNNM ACRLP ACRPL ACSBN ADBBV ADEZE ADMUD ADNMO ADTZH AEBSH AECPX AEKER AENEX AFJKZ AFRAH AFTJW AGHFR AGUBO AGYEJ AHHHB AHJVU AIEXJ AIKHN AITUG AKRWK ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMRAJ ANKPU ASPBG ATOGT AVWKF AXJTR AZFZN BJAXD BKOJK BLXMC CS3 DU5 EBS EFJIC EJD EO8 EO9 EP2 EP3 FDB FEDTE FGOYB FIRID FNPLU FYGXN G-2 G-Q GBLVA HVGLF HZ~ IHE IMUCA J1W JJJVA KOM LY7 M41 MO0 N9A O-L O9- OAUVE OZT P-8 P-9 P2P PC. Q38 R2- RIG ROL RPZ SDF SDG SDP SES SET SEW SPC SPCBC SSE SST SSZ T5K TN5 WUQ Y6R ZMT ~02 ~G- AATTM AAYWO AAYXX ACVFH ADCNI AEIPS AEUPX AFPUW AGCQF AGQPQ AIGII AIIUN AKBMS AKYEP APXCP CITATION EFKBS EFLBG |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c309t-c3c6c162d681943f145bc80f80d74a07aa8ca6bc33dd71aa7f1763bdd371ec693 |
| IEDL.DBID | AIKHN |
| ISSN | 0267-7261 |
| IngestDate | Wed Sep 10 04:31:56 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 23:08:08 EDT 2025 Sat Mar 01 15:46:36 EST 2025 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Keywords | Shield tunnel Clay Seismic fragility analysis Incremental dynamic analysis Liquefaction Bending moment |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c309t-c3c6c162d681943f145bc80f80d74a07aa8ca6bc33dd71aa7f1763bdd371ec693 |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3732-0724 |
| ParticipantIDs | crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_soildyn_2025_109246 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_soildyn_2025_109246 elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_soildyn_2025_109246 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | April 2025 2025-04-00 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2025-04-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 04 year: 2025 text: April 2025 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationTitle | Soil dynamics and earthquake engineering (1984) |
| PublicationYear | 2025 |
| Publisher | Elsevier Ltd |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Elsevier Ltd |
| References | Shen, El Naggar, Zhang, Li, Du (bib2) 2024; 182 Amoly, Ishihara, Bilsel (bib29) 2016; 56 Pastor, Zienkiewicz, Chan (bib27) 1990; 14 Dong, Kuo, Yin, Wen, Liu, Gou (bib8) 2021; 9 Wu, Ye, Zhang, Liu, Liu (bib19) 2023; 166 Ding, Yue, Tham, Zhu, Lee, Hashimoto (bib25) 2004; 28 (bib36) 2009 Xiao, Guan, Wu, Zhao, Zhou (bib46) 2025; 344 Vamvatsikos, Fragiadakis (bib39) 2010; 39 Chen, Tang, Zhao, Li, Zhuang (bib4) 2020; 95 Ghosh, Ghosh, Chakraborty (bib34) 2021; 13 Ling, Mohri, Kawabata, Liu, Burke, Sun (bib44) 2003; 129 (bib22) 2005 Bardet, Choucair (bib30) 1991; 15 Chen, Ruan, Zhao, Chen, Zhuang, Du, Khoshnevisan, Juang (bib20) 2020; 24 Zhuang, Li, Zhao, Wu, Chen (bib47) 2025 Chen, Yang, Yue (bib23) 2020; 24 Liu, Song (bib26) 2005; 32 Chen, Lu, Xu, Ruan, Ma, Chen (bib24) 2021; 29 Cai, Hagiwara, Imamura, Ugai (bib28) 2002 Amorosi, Boldini (bib33) 2009; 29 Vamvatsikos, Cornell (bib38) 2002; 31 Qiu, Huang, Zhou, Xu (bib12) 2018; 18 Xu, Zhang, Cai, Chen, Xue (bib31) 2019; 123 Argyroudis, Mitoulis, Winter, Kaynia (bib6) 2019; 191 Zhang, Yang, Yuan, Li, Qiu (bib21) 2022; 43 Argyroudis, Pitilakis (bib5) 2012; 35 Liu, Geng, Wang, Meng, Huo, Wang, Wang (bib15) 2023; 286 (bib37) 2010 Argyroudis, Tsinidis, Gatti, Pitilakis (bib11) 2017; 98 Chen, Wang, Hu, Bi (bib42) 2024; 179 Osmi, Ahmad, Adnan (bib9) 2015 Jiang, Tao, El Naggar, Liu, Du (bib17) 2024; 167 Chen, Ye, Wang, Li, Xiong, Qu (bib43) 2025; 317 Gao, Yongjie, Wang, Zhang, Ji, Kai (bib45) 2025; 53 Hardin, Drnevich (bib32) 1972; 98 Sun, Lin, Ma, Yan, Tong, Liang (bib18) 2024; 31 Huang, Pitilakis, Tsinidis, Argyroudis, Zhang (bib13) 2020; 98 Kutanaei, Choobbasti (bib3) 2019; 10 Liu, Huang, Yan, Tang, Liu (bib1) 2020; 38 Hu, Zhou, Chen, Ren (bib14) 2020; 12 Xu, Xi, Cai, Chen, Chen (bib40) 2024; 301 Jiang, El Nggar, Xu, Zhong, Du (bib7) 2021; 143 Mayoral, Argyroudis, Castañon (bib10) 2016; 80 Jiang, El Naggar, Xu, Du (bib16) 2023; 135 Jiang, El Naggar, Du, Xu (bib35) 2023; 135 Ruan, Li, Zhou, Huang (bib41) 2025; 64 Cai (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib28) 2002 Pastor (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib27) 1990; 14 Jiang (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib7) 2021; 143 Osmi (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib9) 2015 Zhang (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib21) 2022; 43 (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib37) 2010 Gao (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib45) 2025; 53 Dong (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib8) 2021; 9 Chen (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib43) 2025; 317 Bardet (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib30) 1991; 15 Vamvatsikos (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib38) 2002; 31 Ling (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib44) 2003; 129 Kutanaei (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib3) 2019; 10 Argyroudis (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib6) 2019; 191 Xu (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib31) 2019; 123 Liu (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib26) 2005; 32 Hardin (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib32) 1972; 98 Ruan (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib41) 2025; 64 Chen (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib4) 2020; 95 (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib22) 2005 Huang (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib13) 2020; 98 Argyroudis (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib5) 2012; 35 Liu (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib15) 2023; 286 Shen (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib2) 2024; 182 Argyroudis (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib11) 2017; 98 Chen (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib20) 2020; 24 Amorosi (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib33) 2009; 29 Xiao (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib46) 2025; 344 Vamvatsikos (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib39) 2010; 39 Mayoral (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib10) 2016; 80 Xu (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib40) 2024; 301 Zhuang (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib47) 2025 Sun (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib18) 2024; 31 Ding (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib25) 2004; 28 Chen (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib42) 2024; 179 Liu (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib1) 2020; 38 Jiang (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib35) 2023; 135 Chen (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib23) 2020; 24 Wu (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib19) 2023; 166 Jiang (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib16) 2023; 135 Chen (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib24) 2021; 29 Ghosh (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib34) 2021; 13 Qiu (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib12) 2018; 18 Amoly (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib29) 2016; 56 Hu (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib14) 2020; 12 Jiang (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib17) 2024; 167 (10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib36) 2009 |
| References_xml | – volume: 29 start-page: 1059 year: 2009 end-page: 1072 ident: bib33 article-title: Numerical modelling of the transverse dynamic behaviour of circular tunnels in clayey soils publication-title: Soil Dynam Earthq Eng – volume: 129 start-page: 1092 year: 2003 end-page: 1101 ident: bib44 article-title: Centrifugal modeling of seismic behavior of large-diameter pipe in liquefiable soil publication-title: Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering – volume: 29 start-page: 1878 year: 2021 end-page: 1886 ident: bib24 article-title: Seismic response of subsea tunnels considering seawater seabed coupling effect publication-title: J Eng Geol – volume: 166 year: 2023 ident: bib19 article-title: Seismic response of a shield tunnel crossing saturated sand deposits with different relative densities publication-title: Soil Dynam Earthq Eng – volume: 143 year: 2021 ident: bib7 article-title: Effect of ground motion characteristics on seismic fragility of subway station publication-title: Soil Dynam Earthq Eng – volume: 43 start-page: 1407 year: 2022 end-page: 1421 ident: bib21 article-title: Experimental investigation of seismic performance of shield tunnel under near-field ground motion publication-title: Structures – volume: 53 start-page: 331 year: 2025 end-page: 349 ident: bib45 article-title: Seismic response and mitigation measures for T shape retaining wall in liquefiable site publication-title: Geotext Geomembranes – volume: 38 start-page: 786 year: 2020 end-page: 803 ident: bib1 article-title: A case study on key techniques for long-distance sea-crossing shield tunneling publication-title: Mar Georesour Geotechnol – volume: 135 year: 2023 ident: bib35 article-title: Seismic fragility curves for shallow buried subway station using pushover-based method publication-title: Tunn Undergr Space Technol – volume: 191 year: 2019 ident: bib6 article-title: Fragility of transport assets exposed to multiple hazards: state-of-the-art review toward infrastructural resilience publication-title: Reliab Eng Syst Saf – volume: 28 start-page: 57 year: 2004 end-page: 91 ident: bib25 article-title: Analysis of shield tunnel publication-title: Int J Numer Anal Methods GeoMech – volume: 179 year: 2024 ident: bib42 article-title: The influence of seabed on offshore ground motion publication-title: Soil Dynam Earthq Eng – volume: 10 year: 2019 ident: bib3 article-title: Prediction of liquefaction potential of sandy soil around a submarine pipeline under earthquake loading publication-title: J Pipeline Syst Eng Pract – volume: 15 start-page: 1 year: 1991 end-page: 9 ident: bib30 article-title: A linearized integration technique for incremental constitutive equations publication-title: Int J Numer Anal Methods GeoMech – volume: 39 start-page: 141 year: 2010 end-page: 163 ident: bib39 article-title: Incremental dynamic analysis for estimating seismic performance sensitivity and uncertainty publication-title: Earthq Eng Struct Dynam – volume: 13 start-page: 122 year: 2021 end-page: 135 ident: bib34 article-title: Seismic fragility analysis in the probabilistic performance-based earthquake engineering framework: an overview publication-title: International Journal of Advances in Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics – volume: 286 year: 2023 ident: bib15 article-title: Seismic vulnerability of shield tunnels in interbedded soil deposits: case study of submarine tunnel in Shantou Bay publication-title: Ocean Eng – volume: 31 start-page: 491 year: 2002 end-page: 514 ident: bib38 article-title: Incremental dynamic analysis publication-title: Earthq Eng Struct Dynam – year: 2005 ident: bib22 article-title: Finite element fully coupled dynamic effective stress analysis program (UWLC) publication-title: Electrical manual 2005 – volume: 24 start-page: 351 year: 2020 end-page: 380 ident: bib20 article-title: Nonlinear response characteristics of undersea shield tunnel subjected to strong earthquake motions publication-title: J Earthq Eng – volume: 344 start-page: 107833 year: 2025 ident: bib46 article-title: Guoxing Chen. Energy-based method for the failure criterion and resistance evaluation of marine clay under cyclic loading publication-title: Eng Geol – volume: 301 year: 2024 ident: bib40 article-title: Dynamic response of subsea tunnel in liquefiable layered seabed under combined earthquake and wave action publication-title: Ocean Eng – year: 2025 ident: bib47 article-title: Liquefaction-induced lateral spreading characteristics of the fluvial terraces at the lower reaches of Yangtze River[J] publication-title: Eng Geol – volume: 123 start-page: 413 year: 2019 end-page: 424 ident: bib31 article-title: Constitutive modeling the undrained behaviors of sands with non-plastic fines under monotonic and cyclic loading publication-title: Soil Dynam Earthq Eng – volume: 167 year: 2024 ident: bib17 article-title: Seismic performance and vulnerability analysis for bifurcated tunnels in soft soil publication-title: Comput Geotech – volume: 56 start-page: 506 year: 2016 end-page: 519 ident: bib29 article-title: The relation between liquefaction resistance and shear wave velocity for new and old deposits publication-title: Soils Found – volume: 14 start-page: 151 year: 1990 end-page: 190 ident: bib27 article-title: Generalized plasticity and the modelling of soil behaviour publication-title: Int J Numer Anal Methods GeoMech – volume: 182 year: 2024 ident: bib2 article-title: Seismic response characteristics of shield tunnel structures in liquefiable soils publication-title: Soil Dynam Earthq Eng – volume: 98 year: 2020 ident: bib13 article-title: Seismic vulnerability of circular tunnels in soft soil deposits: the case of Shanghai metropolitan system publication-title: Tunn Undergr Space Technol – volume: 32 start-page: 223 year: 2005 end-page: 244 ident: bib26 article-title: Seismic response of large underground structures in liquefiable soils subjected to horizontal and vertical earthquake excitations publication-title: Comput Geotech – volume: 31 start-page: 950 year: 2024 end-page: 964 ident: bib18 article-title: Seismic fragility assessment of circular metro tunnels in loess deposit publication-title: J Cent S Univ – volume: 12 start-page: 892 year: 2020 ident: bib14 article-title: Seismic fragility analysis of tunnels with different buried depths in a soft publication-title: soil Sustainability – volume: 95 year: 2020 ident: bib4 article-title: Seismic response of irregular underground structures under adverse soil conditions using shaking table tests publication-title: Tunn Undergr Space Technol – volume: 135 year: 2023 ident: bib16 article-title: Effect of parameters associated with soil-to-structure relative stiffness on seismic fragility curves of subway station publication-title: Tunn Undergr Space Technol – volume: 35 start-page: 1 year: 2012 end-page: 2 ident: bib5 article-title: Seismic fragility curves of shallow tunnels in alluvial deposits publication-title: Soil Dynam Earthq Eng – year: 2010 ident: bib37 article-title: Design Code for concrete structure – volume: 98 start-page: 244 year: 2017 end-page: 256 ident: bib11 article-title: Effects of SSI and lining corrosion on the seismic vulnerability of shallow circular tunnels publication-title: Soil Dynam Earthq Eng – volume: 18 year: 2018 ident: bib12 article-title: Seismic vulnerability analysis of rock mountain tunnel publication-title: Int J GeoMech – volume: 9 year: 2021 ident: bib8 article-title: Examination of longitudinal seismic vulnerability of shield tunnels utilizing incremental dynamic analysis publication-title: Front Earth Sci – volume: 80 year: 2016 ident: bib10 article-title: Vulnerability of floating tunnel shafts for increasing earthquake loading publication-title: Soil Dynam Earthq Eng – start-page: 819 year: 2002 end-page: 824 ident: bib28 article-title: 2D Fully coupled liquefaction analysis of sand ground under tank publication-title: InProceedings of the 11th Japan earthquake engineering symposium – volume: 98 start-page: 667 year: 1972 end-page: 692 ident: bib32 article-title: Shear modulus and damping in soils: design equations and curves publication-title: J Soil Mech Found Div – volume: 317 year: 2025 ident: bib43 article-title: Seismic response characteristics and liquefaction risk of artificial island with saturated hydraulic fill coral sand publication-title: Ocean Eng – volume: 24 start-page: 1 year: 2020 end-page: 8 ident: bib23 article-title: Experimental studies on the dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio characteristics of marine soils in the Jintang Strait publication-title: Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering – year: 2009 ident: bib36 article-title: Quantification of building seismic performance factors – volume: 64 year: 2025 ident: bib41 article-title: Multi-objective optimization design of foam concrete mechanical properties through the integration of FEM and DL publication-title: Adv Eng Inf – year: 2015 ident: bib9 article-title: Seismic fragility analysis of underground tunnel buried in rock. InProceedings international conference on earthquake engineering and seismology – volume: 286 year: 2023 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib15 article-title: Seismic vulnerability of shield tunnels in interbedded soil deposits: case study of submarine tunnel in Shantou Bay publication-title: Ocean Eng doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.115500 – volume: 80 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib10 article-title: Vulnerability of floating tunnel shafts for increasing earthquake loading publication-title: Soil Dynam Earthq Eng doi: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2015.10.002 – volume: 13 start-page: 122 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib34 article-title: Seismic fragility analysis in the probabilistic performance-based earthquake engineering framework: an overview publication-title: International Journal of Advances in Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics doi: 10.1007/s12572-017-0200-y – volume: 191 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib6 article-title: Fragility of transport assets exposed to multiple hazards: state-of-the-art review toward infrastructural resilience publication-title: Reliab Eng Syst Saf doi: 10.1016/j.ress.2019.106567 – volume: 98 start-page: 667 issue: 7 year: 1972 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib32 article-title: Shear modulus and damping in soils: design equations and curves publication-title: J Soil Mech Found Div doi: 10.1061/JSFEAQ.0001760 – volume: 31 start-page: 491 issue: 3 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib38 article-title: Incremental dynamic analysis publication-title: Earthq Eng Struct Dynam doi: 10.1002/eqe.141 – volume: 9 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib8 article-title: Examination of longitudinal seismic vulnerability of shield tunnels utilizing incremental dynamic analysis publication-title: Front Earth Sci doi: 10.3389/feart.2021.779879 – volume: 43 start-page: 1407 year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib21 article-title: Experimental investigation of seismic performance of shield tunnel under near-field ground motion publication-title: Structures doi: 10.1016/j.istruc.2022.07.045 – volume: 167 year: 2024 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib17 article-title: Seismic performance and vulnerability analysis for bifurcated tunnels in soft soil publication-title: Comput Geotech doi: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2024.106065 – volume: 24 start-page: 351 issue: 3 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib20 article-title: Nonlinear response characteristics of undersea shield tunnel subjected to strong earthquake motions publication-title: J Earthq Eng doi: 10.1080/13632469.2018.1453416 – volume: 15 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 1991 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib30 article-title: A linearized integration technique for incremental constitutive equations publication-title: Int J Numer Anal Methods GeoMech doi: 10.1002/nag.1610150102 – volume: 344 start-page: 107833 year: 2025 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib46 article-title: Guoxing Chen. Energy-based method for the failure criterion and resistance evaluation of marine clay under cyclic loading publication-title: Eng Geol doi: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107833 – volume: 301 year: 2024 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib40 article-title: Dynamic response of subsea tunnel in liquefiable layered seabed under combined earthquake and wave action publication-title: Ocean Eng doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.117595 – start-page: 819 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib28 article-title: 2D Fully coupled liquefaction analysis of sand ground under tank – volume: 24 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib23 article-title: Experimental studies on the dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio characteristics of marine soils in the Jintang Strait publication-title: Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering – volume: 31 start-page: 950 issue: 3 year: 2024 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib18 article-title: Seismic fragility assessment of circular metro tunnels in loess deposit publication-title: J Cent S Univ doi: 10.1007/s11771-024-5592-9 – volume: 135 year: 2023 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib35 article-title: Seismic fragility curves for shallow buried subway station using pushover-based method publication-title: Tunn Undergr Space Technol doi: 10.1016/j.tust.2023.105059 – year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib22 article-title: Finite element fully coupled dynamic effective stress analysis program (UWLC) – volume: 182 year: 2024 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib2 article-title: Seismic response characteristics of shield tunnel structures in liquefiable soils publication-title: Soil Dynam Earthq Eng doi: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.108701 – volume: 38 start-page: 786 issue: 7 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib1 article-title: A case study on key techniques for long-distance sea-crossing shield tunneling publication-title: Mar Georesour Geotechnol doi: 10.1080/1064119X.2019.1630871 – volume: 64 year: 2025 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib41 article-title: Multi-objective optimization design of foam concrete mechanical properties through the integration of FEM and DL publication-title: Adv Eng Inf doi: 10.1016/j.aei.2024.103031 – volume: 28 start-page: 57 issue: 1 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib25 article-title: Analysis of shield tunnel publication-title: Int J Numer Anal Methods GeoMech doi: 10.1002/nag.327 – volume: 95 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib4 article-title: Seismic response of irregular underground structures under adverse soil conditions using shaking table tests publication-title: Tunn Undergr Space Technol doi: 10.1016/j.tust.2019.103145 – volume: 39 start-page: 141 issue: 2 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib39 article-title: Incremental dynamic analysis for estimating seismic performance sensitivity and uncertainty publication-title: Earthq Eng Struct Dynam doi: 10.1002/eqe.935 – volume: 53 start-page: 331 issue: 1 year: 2025 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib45 article-title: Seismic response and mitigation measures for T shape retaining wall in liquefiable site publication-title: Geotext Geomembranes doi: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2024.11.005 – volume: 10 issue: 2 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib3 article-title: Prediction of liquefaction potential of sandy soil around a submarine pipeline under earthquake loading publication-title: J Pipeline Syst Eng Pract doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)PS.1949-1204.0000349 – volume: 98 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib13 article-title: Seismic vulnerability of circular tunnels in soft soil deposits: the case of Shanghai metropolitan system publication-title: Tunn Undergr Space Technol doi: 10.1016/j.tust.2020.103341 – volume: 129 start-page: 1092 issue: 12 year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib44 article-title: Centrifugal modeling of seismic behavior of large-diameter pipe in liquefiable soil publication-title: Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2003)129:12(1092) – volume: 29 start-page: 1059 issue: 6 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib33 article-title: Numerical modelling of the transverse dynamic behaviour of circular tunnels in clayey soils publication-title: Soil Dynam Earthq Eng doi: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2008.12.004 – volume: 143 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib7 article-title: Effect of ground motion characteristics on seismic fragility of subway station publication-title: Soil Dynam Earthq Eng doi: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2021.106618 – volume: 135 year: 2023 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib16 article-title: Effect of parameters associated with soil-to-structure relative stiffness on seismic fragility curves of subway station publication-title: Tunn Undergr Space Technol doi: 10.1016/j.tust.2023.105057 – volume: 166 year: 2023 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib19 article-title: Seismic response of a shield tunnel crossing saturated sand deposits with different relative densities publication-title: Soil Dynam Earthq Eng doi: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2023.107790 – year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib36 – year: 2025 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib47 article-title: Liquefaction-induced lateral spreading characteristics of the fluvial terraces at the lower reaches of Yangtze River[J] publication-title: Eng Geol – volume: 32 start-page: 223 issue: 4 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib26 article-title: Seismic response of large underground structures in liquefiable soils subjected to horizontal and vertical earthquake excitations publication-title: Comput Geotech doi: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2005.02.002 – year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib37 – volume: 29 start-page: 1878 issue: 6 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib24 article-title: Seismic response of subsea tunnels considering seawater seabed coupling effect publication-title: J Eng Geol – volume: 12 start-page: 892 issue: 3 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib14 article-title: Seismic fragility analysis of tunnels with different buried depths in a soft publication-title: soil Sustainability doi: 10.3390/su12030892 – volume: 98 start-page: 244 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib11 article-title: Effects of SSI and lining corrosion on the seismic vulnerability of shallow circular tunnels publication-title: Soil Dynam Earthq Eng doi: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.04.016 – volume: 317 year: 2025 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib43 article-title: Seismic response characteristics and liquefaction risk of artificial island with saturated hydraulic fill coral sand publication-title: Ocean Eng doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.120025 – volume: 14 start-page: 151 issue: 3 year: 1990 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib27 article-title: Generalized plasticity and the modelling of soil behaviour publication-title: Int J Numer Anal Methods GeoMech doi: 10.1002/nag.1610140302 – year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib9 – volume: 56 start-page: 506 issue: 3 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib29 article-title: The relation between liquefaction resistance and shear wave velocity for new and old deposits publication-title: Soils Found doi: 10.1016/j.sandf.2016.04.016 – volume: 179 year: 2024 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib42 article-title: The influence of seabed on offshore ground motion publication-title: Soil Dynam Earthq Eng doi: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.108567 – volume: 35 start-page: 1 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib5 article-title: Seismic fragility curves of shallow tunnels in alluvial deposits publication-title: Soil Dynam Earthq Eng doi: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2011.11.004 – volume: 123 start-page: 413 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib31 article-title: Constitutive modeling the undrained behaviors of sands with non-plastic fines under monotonic and cyclic loading publication-title: Soil Dynam Earthq Eng doi: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.05.021 – volume: 18 issue: 3 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246_bib12 article-title: Seismic vulnerability analysis of rock mountain tunnel publication-title: Int J GeoMech doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001080 |
| SSID | ssj0017186 |
| Score | 2.450793 |
| Snippet | Ensuring the structural resilience of shield tunnels is critical in seismically active regions. Liquefaction induced by seismic activity poses an additional... |
| SourceID | crossref elsevier |
| SourceType | Enrichment Source Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 109246 |
| SubjectTerms | Bending moment Clay Incremental dynamic analysis Liquefaction Seismic fragility analysis Shield tunnel |
| Title | Seismic fragility analysis of shield tunnels in liquefiable layered deposits |
| URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246 |
| Volume | 191 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3JasMwFHxkubSH0pWmS9ChVyexLC86htCQbrmkgdyMLFmtS-qELIdc-u3Vi5U0hdJCLwYbHphBHj3bM_MAbtaxblwrR3GqzAuKz50k5NSh3DweTGjuJmhwfuoHvSG7H_mjEnQ2XhiUVVruLzh9zdb2StOi2ZxmWXOAs5NCTMDy1w5TXoYq9XjgV6Davnvo9bc_Ewz9BsWnltDBgi8jT_MNI3PHaoVJqNTHbCWKrfBPW9TOttM9hAPbL5J2cUtHUErzY9jfSRE8gcdBms3fM0n0TLyg1HVFhI0aIRNN5q8oUiOLJSpa5iTLyRgzW3WGpikyFiuc1klUupZvzU9h2L197vQcOyTBkV6LL8xRBtINqArM3s487TI_kVFLRy0VMtEKhYikCBLpeUqFrhChdg2lJEp5oZvKgHtnUMkneXoOhHIZmfYITYM-cxMqIiYj5gmVCKZT5teAbXCJpU0Qx0EW43gjFXuLLZwxwhkXcNagsS2bFhEafxVEG9Djb2shNjT_e-nF_0svYQ_PClXOFVQWs2V6bRqORVKHcuPDrdtl9QnQg9Xp |
| linkProvider | Elsevier |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1NT4NAFNzUelAPxs9YP_fglbbAwrJH09hUbXtpm_RGll1WaZA2hR568be7j49aE6OJFw7AS8hkmX2QmXkI3eexbkxJQzJL6g8UhxkBZZZhMf16EK6YGYDBeTB0exPyPHWmNdSpvDAgqyy5v-D0nK3LM60SzdYiilojmJ1EIQHLyR2mbAftEsemoOtrfmx0HqYmX7f40UINuP3LxtOaQWBuLNeQg2o5kKxkQSP80wa1tel0j9Bh2S3ih-KBjlEtTE7QwVaG4Cnqj8IofY8EVkv-CkLXNeZl0AieK5y-gUQNZyvQs6Q4SnAMia0qAssUjvkaZnViGebirfQMTbqP407PKEckGMJus0wfhStM15Ku3tmJrUziBMJrK68tKeFtyrknuBsI25aSmpxTZWpCCaS0qRkKl9nnqJ7Mk_ACYYsJTzdHYBl0iBlY3CPCIzaXAScqJE4DkQoXX5T54TDGIvYrodjML-H0AU6_gLOBmpuyRRGg8VeBV4Huf1sJvib530sv_196h_Z640Hf7z8NX67QPlwp9DnXqJ4tV-GNbj2y4DZfWp-eN9a0 |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Seismic+fragility+analysis+of+shield+tunnels+in+liquefiable+layered+deposits&rft.jtitle=Soil+dynamics+and+earthquake+engineering+%281984%29&rft.au=Xu%2C+Ling-Yu&rft.au=Xi%2C+Ju-Ping&rft.au=Jiang%2C+Jia-Wei&rft.au=Cai%2C+Fei&rft.date=2025-04-01&rft.pub=Elsevier+Ltd&rft.issn=0267-7261&rft.volume=191&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.soildyn.2025.109246&rft.externalDocID=S0267726125000399 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0267-7261&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0267-7261&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0267-7261&client=summon |