Bridging Levels of Public Administration: How Macro Shapes Meso and Micro

• Published in: Administration & society Vol. 52; no. 4; pp. 631 - 656
• Main Author: Roberts, Alasdair
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Los Angeles, CA SAGE Publications 01.04.2020; SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC
• Subjects: American history; Public administration; Schism; Uncertainty; institutions; behavioral public administration; strategy; levels of analysis; governance
• ISSN: 0095-3997; 1552-3039
• DOI: 10.1177/0095399719877160

Scholars in public administration now recognize three levels of analysis: macro, meso, and micro. But there is uncertainty about the relationship between levels and concern about a “schism” in research. However, linkages between levels can be demonstrated easily. At the macro-level, leaders develop an overall strategy for pursuing national priorities, which determines the broad architecture of the state. Institutions must be built, renovated, or managed to give effect to these strategies: This is the meso-level of public administration. Overall, strategies also shape the micro-level relationship between people who rule and people who are ruled. This is done by categorizing people—as subjects or citizens, for example—and by redefining categories. Macro-level strategies evolve, with consequences for the agenda at the meso- and micro-levels. Experience at lower levels also shapes strategy at the macro-level. The interaction among levels is illustrated by comparison of three eras in modern American history.