A single localized dose of enzyme-responsive hydrogel improves long-term survival of a vascularized composite allograft

• Published in: Science translational medicine Vol. 6; no. 249; p. 249ra110
• Main Authors: Gajanayake, Thusitha, Olariu, Radu, Leclère, Franck M, Dhayani, Ashish, Yang, Zijiang, Bongoni, Anjan K, Banz, Yara, Constantinescu, Mihai A, Karp, Jeffrey M, Vemula, Praveen Kumar, Rieben, Robert, Vögelin, Esther
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 13.08.2014
• Subjects: Animals; Antibody Specificity - drug effects; Antibody Specificity - immunology; Biomarkers - blood; Cell Line; Complement Activation - drug effects; Complement System Proteins - metabolism; Composite Tissue Allografts - drug effects; Cytokines - metabolism; Enzymes - pharmacology; Graft Survival - drug effects; Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate - chemistry; Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate - pharmacology; Immunity, Humoral - drug effects; Inflammation - pathology; Kidney - drug effects; Kidney - pathology; Liver - drug effects; Liver - pathology; Male; Mice; Rats; Skin - drug effects; Skin - metabolism; Tacrolimus - blood; Tacrolimus - pharmacology; Time Factors; Triglycerides - chemistry
• ISSN: 1946-6242
• DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3008778

Currently, systemic immunosuppression is used in vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA). This treatment has considerable side effects and reduces the quality of life of VCA recipients. We loaded the immunosuppressive drug tacrolimus into a self-assembled hydrogel, which releases the drug in response to proteolytic enzymes that are overexpressed during inflammation. A one-time local injection of the tacrolimus-laden hydrogel significantly prolonged graft survival in a Brown Norway-to-Lewis rat hindlimb transplantation model, leading to a median graft survival of >100 days compared to 33.5 days in tacrolimus only-treated recipients. Control groups with no treatment or hydrogel only showed a graft survival of 11 days. Histopathological evaluation, including anti-graft antibodies and complement C3, revealed significantly reduced immune responses in the tacrolimus-hydrogel group compared with tacrolimus only. In conclusion, a single-dose local injection of an enzyme-responsive tacrolimus-hydrogel is capable of preventing VCA rejection for >100 days in a rat model and may offer a new approach for immunosuppression in VCA.