Benign Cysts of the Vulva and Vagina: A Comprehensive Review for the Gynecologic Surgeon

• Published in: Obstetrical & gynecological survey Vol. 76; no. 2; p. 101
• Main Authors: Aldrich, Emily R, Pauls, Rachel N
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 01.02.2021
• Subjects: Adult; Cysts; Diagnosis, Differential; Disease Management; Female; Gynecology - methods; Humans; Middle Aged; Vagina - pathology; Vaginal Diseases; Vulva - pathology; Vulvar Diseases
• ISSN: 1533-9866
• DOI: 10.1097/OGX.0000000000000858

Gynecologists are experts in providing care to women with vulvovaginal complaints. Cysts located in the vagina and vulva can cause pain and irritation and incite concern. Given the relatively low prevalence of these cysts in the population, helpful diagnostic and management information for providers is scarce. This article will detail the epidemiology, embryology, presentation, and management of vulvovaginal cysts. We completed a comprehensive literature review for all available data and included case reports, case series, histological studies, and descriptive articles obtained from PubMed and relevant textbook chapters. In general, cystic lesions of the vagina and vulva are typically benign and asymptomatic and do not require intervention. Special attention should be paid to cysts arising in women older than 40 years and those that are fixed or associated with pain or bleeding. Cysts that require management may require imaging, often either with transvaginal ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging. Surgical excision, when necessary, has a high success rate. Vaginal and vulvar cysts have a myriad of presentations and etiologies. A thorough understanding of these is helpful to guide decisions about further testing and management options.