Biolarvicidal of Vetiver Oil and Ethanol Extract of Vetiver Root Distillation Waste (Vetiveria zizanoides) Effectiveness toward Aedes aegypti, Culex sp., and Anopheles sundaicus

• Published in: Journal of essential oil-bearing plants (Dehra Dun) Vol. 16; no. 6; pp. 749 - 762
• Main Authors: Kadarohman, Asep, Sardjono, Ratnaningsih Eko, Aisyah, Siti, Khumaisah, Lela Lailatul
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Taylor & Francis 02.11.2013
• Subjects: Aedes aegypti; Anopheles sundaicus; biolarvicidal; Culex sp; vetiver oil; Vetiveria zizanoides
• ISSN: 0972-060X; 0976-5026
• DOI: 10.1080/0972060X.2013.862075

This study investigated biolarvicidal of vetiver oil and ethanol extract of vetiver root distillation waste (Vetiveria zizanoides) effectiveness toward the Larvae of Aedes aegypti, Culex sp., and Anopheles sundaicus. Phytochemical screening and chemical compounds analysis by GC-MS were also performed. Terpenoids, flavonoids, and saponins had been found in ethanol extract of vetiver root distilling waste and terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids and saponins had also been discovered in vetiver oil. GC-MS analysis upon ethanol extract of vetiver root distilling waste indicated 11 components; with naphthalene (22.42 %), linoleic acid (14.47 %), palmitic acid (8.09 %), and valerenol (6.66 %) as the main components. There were 33 components of vetiver oil; with cyclo-isolongifolene (10.90 %), valerenol (10.52 %), viridiflorol (8.17 %), and ziorene (4.66%) as the main components. Larvicidal effect on 3 rd and 4 th instar larvae of the mosquito species, which were Aedes aegypti, Culex sp., and Anopheles sundaicus, had also been investigated in a concentration dependent manner for 24 hours. Various concentration of ethanol extract of vetiver root distilling waste were 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 ppm and the samples of vetiver oil were 1, 10, 50, 100, 200, and 500 ppm. The mortality percentages of Aedes aegypti, Culex sp., and Anopheles sundaicus larva in 1000 ppm concentration of ethanol extract of vetiver root distilling waste were 56, 50, and 100 % with LC 50 1373.6, 7095.4, and 482.7. LT 50 in 4000 ppm concentration of Aedes aegypti, Culex sp., and Anopheles sundaicus were 353.3, 1351.6, and 168.4 minutes. The mortality percentages of Aedes aegypti, Culex sp., and Anopheles sundaicus larvaes in 100 ppm concentration of vetiver oil were 100, 100, and 32 % with LC 50 2.885, 0.245, and 87.931 ppm. The results showed that significant activity of distillation waste of vetiver root had been found on Anopheles sundaicus and on Culex sp. of vetiver oil.