Microcapsules of mesoporous silica and cyclodextrin modified loaded with nonanal and decanal for effective control of Sitotroga cerealella in grain storage environments

• Published in: Pest management science Vol. 80; no. 6; pp. 2668 - 2678
• Main Authors: Shah, Sakhawat, Zhang, Fu‐Rui, Ge, Yv‐Wen, Elgizawy, Karam Khamis, Wu, Gang, Shi, Chun‐Mei, Wang, Xiao‐Ping, Yang, Feng‐Lian
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Chichester, UK John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 01.06.2024; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: Aldehydes; Cyclodextrin; Cyclodextrins; Economic impact; Essential oils; Food security; Gas chromatography; Germination; Grain; Grain storage; Infestation; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; mesoporous silica; Microcapsules; Microencapsulation; Nanospheres; Nonanal; nonanal and decanal; Seeds; Silica; Silicon dioxide; Sitotroga cerealella; Wheat; nonanal and decanal; Sitotroga cerealella; mesoporous silica; microencapsulation
• ISSN: 1526-498X; 1526-4998
• DOI: 10.1002/ps.7973

BACKGROUND The Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella, is a destructive pest of maize, wheat, and rice, causing economic losses and threatening food security. This study aimed to develop and characterize microcapsules of mesoporous silica nanospheres (MSN) and cyclodextrin‐modified mesoporous silica nanospheres (CDMSN) containing two aldehydes, nonanal and decanal, found in plant essential oils, to assess their attractiveness to S. cerealella populations. RESULTS Microcapsules with 2:1 ratio of nonanal and decanal exhibited an average encapsulation efficiency of 39.82% for MSN loaded with nonanal and decanal (MSN‐ND) and 46.10% for CDMSN loaded with nonanal and decanal (CDMSN‐ND). They have an elliptical shape with particle sizes of 115 nm for MSN and 175 nm for CDMSN. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis revealed in vitro release of nonanal in MSN at 96.24% and decanal at 96.42% by the 36th day. CDMSN showed releases of 93.83% for nonanal and 93.74% for decanal by the 50th day. CDMSN‐ND attracted adult S. cerealella for 43 days, while MSN‐ND remained effective for 29 days. In mass trapping assays in simulated grain warehouse, both MSN‐ND and CDMSN‐ND trapped over 50% of the adult population within 7 days, significantly reducing grain infestation rates below 10% by inhibiting F1 adult emergence. At temperatures ranging from 20 °C to 35 °C, both microcapsules exhibited significant and effective attraction rates for S. cerealella. Stored wheat seeds treated with CDMSN and CDMSN‐ND over 1 year showed no significant differences in key germination parameters. CONCLUSION Microencapsulated nonanal and decanal offer a promising, sustainable approach for controlling S. cerealella infestation in stored grains, contributing to global food security. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. The study introduces a sustainable and environmentally friendly method for controlling Sitotroga cerealella infestation in stored grains, offering an alternative to synthetic insecticides. The microencapsulated nonanal and decanal exhibit significant attractiveness to S. cerealella, leading to mass trapping and reduced grain infestation rates in a simulated grain warehouse.