Probing techniques and estimation processes for fine-time synchronization of FH systems

• Published in: IEEE transactions on communications Vol. 41; no. 6; pp. 962 - 974
• Main Authors: Mason, L.J., Felstead, E.B.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY IEEE 01.06.1993; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
• Subjects: Applied sciences; Clocks; Delay estimation; Exact sciences and technology; Frequency division multiaccess; Frequency shift keying; Frequency synchronization; Matched filters; Phase estimation; Satellite telecommunications. Space telecommunications; Satellites; Signal processing; Telecommunications; Telecommunications and information theory; Transmitters; Frequency division multiple access; Transmitter; Receiver; Synchronization; Frequency shift keying; Satellite telecommunication
• ISSN: 0090-6778; 1558-0857
• DOI: 10.1109/26.231918

Five methods for estimating the time error in a frequency-hopped spread-spectrum (FHSS) system are analyzed and compared. These methods are based upon estimation of the second-order moments of the envelope-detected, match-filtered, received signal. The performance of these estimators is determined as a function of the Gaussian noise level and of the number of samples L used to form the estimate. The estimator mean and standard deviation are approximated by means of the central limit theorem. Solutions compare favorably with simulation results. Results for signal-to-noise ratios of 0, 5, and 10 dB and with L between 1 and 512 show that these estimators are superior to previously known methods.< >