The role of genetic risk factors, diet, and gut microbiota in type 1 diabetes mellitus, pancreas and pancreatic islet transplantation

• Published in: Endokrynologia Polska Vol. 75; no. 2; pp. 140 - 147
• Main Authors: Zawada, Agnieszka, Skrzypczak-Zielińska, Marzena, Gondek, Sarah, Witkowski, Piotr, Rychter, Anna M, Ratajczak-Pawłowska, Alicja E, Karczewski, Marek, Dobrowolska, Agnieszka, Krela-Kaźmierczak, Iwona
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Poland Wydawnictwo Via Medica 01.01.2024
• Subjects: Autoimmune diseases; Diabetes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetic neuropathy; Diabetic retinopathy; Diet; Disease; Gastroenterology; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Genes; Glucose monitoring; Growth factors; Health risk assessment; Humans; Insulin; Islets of Langerhans Transplantation; Kidney transplants; Kinases; Microbiota; Pancreas Transplantation; Pancreas transplants; Patients; Polymorphism; Risk Factors; Surgical outcomes; type 1 diabetes; diet; pancreatic islets transplantation; genes; gut microbiota
• ISSN: 0423-104X; 2299-8306
• DOI: 10.5603/ep.98903

Despite advances in insulin delivery and glucose monitoring technology, prevention of the progression of secondary complications in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) remains a challenge. Beta cell replacement therapy in the form of islet or pancreas transplantation can restore long-term normoglycaemia with sustained periods of insulin independence among T1DM patients. However, the same genetic, behavioural, or gut microbiota-related factors that promoted autoimmunity and primary islet destruction may also affect the function of transplanted islets and the ultimate results of transplant procedures. In such cases, identifying genetic risk factors and modifying behavioural factors and those related to gut microbiota may be beneficial for the outcomes of transplant procedures. Herein, we review related literature to the identified current gap in knowledge to be addressed in future clinical trials.