Activated Carbon Prepared from Waste Coffee Grounds: Characterization and Adsorption Properties of Dyes

• Published in: Materials Vol. 17; no. 13; p. 3078
• Main Authors: Aouay, Feryelle, Attia, Afef, Dammak, Lasâad, Ben Amar, Raja, Deratani, Andre
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 22.06.2024
• Subjects: Activated carbon; Adsorbents; Adsorption; adsorption process; AO7; Aqueous solutions; Biological materials; Coffee; dye removal; Dyes; Efficiency; Environmental impact; Equilibrium; experimental design methodology; Industrial effluents; Organic matter; Pore size; Response surface methodology; spent coffee grounds; Textile industry; United States > US; adsorption process; optimization; experimental design methodology; AO7; dye removal; activated carbon; spent coffee grounds
• ISSN: 1996-1944; 1996-1944
• DOI: 10.3390/ma17133078

Spent coffee grounds (SCGs) have great potential as a useful, value-added biological material. In this context, activated carbon (AC) was prepared from SCGs by an activation process using H PO at 600 °C in the air and used as an adsorbent for the azo dye AO7, a model molecule for dye colorants found in textile industry effluents. X-ray diffraction, SEM and BET revealed that the AC was predominantly amorphous, consisting of a powder of 20-100 µm particles with mesopores averaging 5.5 nm in pore size. Adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order law, while the Langmuir model best fitted the experimental isotherm data (maximum capacity of 119.5 mg AO7 per AC g). The thermodynamic parameters revealed that adsorption was endothermic and spontaneous. All the characterizations indicated that adsorption occurred by physisorption via mainly π-π interactions. The best experimental removal efficiency optimized by means of a Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology was 98% for an initial AO7 concentration of 20 mg·L at pH 7.5 with a dose of 0.285 g·L of AC and a contact time of 40 min. These results clearly show that activated carbon prepared from SCGs can be a useful material for efficiently removing organic matter from aqueous solutions.