Quality of attachment, trauma, psychopathology, and frequency of non-suicidal self-injury in Mexican adolescents suffering from psychosocial vulnerability: Description of a risk profile
Introduction. Suffering from psychosocial vulnerability, particularly during adolescence, increases the likelihood of experiencing adverse life circumstances, psychiatric conditions, and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Objective. We studied: 1. record-based demographic and clinical characteristics,...
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Published in | Salud mental (México) Vol. 44; no. 2; pp. 53 - 63 |
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Main Authors | , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria
01.03.2021
Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Introduction. Suffering from psychosocial vulnerability, particularly during adolescence, increases the likelihood of experiencing adverse life circumstances, psychiatric conditions, and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Objective. We studied: 1. record-based demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as the frequency of NSSI in adolescents, beneficiaries of services for vulnerable population of one of six Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO's), we compared by beneficiary type: internal (IB) versus external (EB); 2. predictive relationship of NSSI with depression, difficulties in emotion regulation (DER) and suicidal ideation (administered measures); 3. Comparison of average scores on measures by: quality of attachment (QOA) and presence/absence of NSSI. Method. A convenience sample of 255 adolescents (45.5% women, ages 11-15) answered instruments in institutional facilities (Mexico City and Puebla), where 181 (71%) resided as IB and 74 (29%) resided in family home (EB). The mental health staff of each NGO specified according to the record: demographics, psychiatric diagnoses, history of trauma, and QOA between the minor and his attachment figure. Results. 42% denied NSSI episodes, 16.9% indicated a non-significant pattern, and 35.6% reported a significant and recent pattern. IB presented higher scores in all measurements, higher report of interpersonal trauma, depressive, anxiety, and behavior disorders. Minors with positive QOA obtained significantly lower scores. Discussion and conclusion. Compared to EB's, adolescents residing in NGOs have a higher risk profile, particularly those without a positive QOA, a fact that is associated with a greater presence of psychopathology and significant and recent NSSI. Keywords: Non-suicidal self-injury, adolescents, vulnerability, suicidal ideation, depression, attachment, trauma. Introducción. Padecer vulnerabilidad psicosocial, particularmente durante la adolescencia, incrementa la probabilidad de experimentar circunstancias vitales adversas, afecciones psiquiátricas y autolesiones no suicidas (ALNS). Objetivo. Se estudiaron: 1. características demográficas y clínicas con base en expediente, así como la frecuencia de ALNS en adolescentes, usuarios de servicios para población vulnerable de una de seis Organizaciones No Gubernamentales (ONG's), se comparó por tipo de beneficiario: interno (BI) versus externo (BE); 2. relación predictiva de ALNS con depresión, dificultades en la regulación emocional (DRE) e ideación suicida (medidas administradas); 3. comparación de puntajes promedio de las mediciones por: calidad del vínculo (CV) y presencia/ausencia de ALNS. Método. Una muestra de conveniencia de 255 adolescentes (45.5% mujeres, edades 11-15), contestaron instrumentos en instalaciones institucionales (Ciudad de México y Puebla), donde 181 (71%) residían como BI y 74 (29%) residían en casa de familiar (BE). El personal de salud mental de cada ONG especificó conforme a expediente: demografía, diagnósticos psiquiátricos, historial de trauma y CV entre el menor y su figura de apego. Resultados. 42% negó episodios de ALNS, 16.9% indicó una pauta no significativa y 35.6% reportó un pauta significativa y reciente. Los BI presentaron puntuaciones superiores en todas las mediciones, mayor reporte de trauma interpersonal, trastornos depresivos, de ansiedad y conducta. Los menores con CV positiva obtuvieron puntuaciones significativamente menores. Discusión y conclusión. En comparación con los BE, los adolescentes que residen en las ONG's presentan un perfil de mayor riesgo, particularmente, aquellos sin una CV positiva, hecho que se asocia con mayor presencia de psicopatología y ALNS reciente y significativa. Palabras clave: Autolesiones no suicidas, adolescentes, vulnerabilidad, ideación suicida, depresión, vínculo, trauma. |
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ISSN: | 0185-3325 |
DOI: | 10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2021.009 |