An overview of the recent developments of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices for the detection of chromium species

• Published in: Microchemical journal Vol. 170; p. 106699
• Main Authors: Alahmad, Waleed, Sahragard, Ali, Varanusupakul, Pakorn
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 01.11.2021
• Subjects: Environmental samples; Hexavalent chromium; Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices; Speciation; Trivalent chromium; Hexavalent chromium; Environmental samples; Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices; Speciation; Trivalent chromium
• ISSN: 0026-265X; 1095-9149
• DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106699

[Display omitted] •The detection of chromium species using µPADs is critically reviewed.•Paper selection, fabrication and detection methods are discussed.•Mechanisms for the determination of chromium species are compared and discussed.•Colorimetric detection is the most used method to due to its low cost and speed. Chromium pollution in the environment is a serious problem as it is harmful to humans and the environment. The current methods for the detection of chromium species require expensive instrumentation and need to be operated in centralized laboratories. Recently, microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) have been developed as simple, cost-effective, and portable tools for on-site detection. In this review, we highlight the recent developments of µPADs for the screening and detection of chromium species in environmental samples. We first summarize the chemistry and toxicity of chromium, the selection of paper substrates, and the device fabrication methods. We then categorize the recent reports on the basis of chromium species into trivalent chromium, hexavalent chromium, speciation, and total chromium detection groups. The evaluation of the performance of µPADs with regard to their accuracy and detection limits is critically assessed. Finally, we discuss the future development and trends in the field of µPADs.